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DBMS > Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. PostgreSQL vs. Teradata Aster vs. UniData,UniVerse

System Properties Comparison Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. PostgreSQL vs. Teradata Aster vs. UniData,UniVerse

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonTeradata Aster  Xexclude from comparisonUniData,UniVerse  Xexclude from comparison
Teradata Aster has been integrated into other Teradata systems and therefore will be removed from the DB-Engines ranking.
DescriptionFully managed big data interactive analytics platformWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLPlatform for big data analytics on multistructured data sources and typesMultiValue database and application server with SQL mapping layer and meta database capabilities
Primary database modelRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Relational DBMSMultivalue DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score3.28
Rank#83  Overall
#45  Relational DBMS
Score644.36
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score2.25
Rank#112  Overall
#2  Multivalue DBMS
Websiteazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerwww.postgresql.orgwww.rocketsoftware.com/­products/­rocket-multivalue-application-development-platform/­rocket-unidata
Technical documentationdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerwww.postgresql.org/­docsdocs.rocketsoftware.com/­bundle?cluster=true&labelkey=unidata&labelkey=prod_unidata
DeveloperMicrosoftPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerTeradataRocket Software
Initial release20191989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL20051985
Current releasecloud service with continuous releases16.4, August 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoBSDcommercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
PostgreSQL Flex @ STACKIT offers managed PostgreSQL Instances with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed and several extensions available, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All 100% GDPR-compliant.
Implementation languageCC
Server operating systemshostedFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
LinuxAIX
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yesFlexible Schema (defined schema, partial schema, schema free) infodefined schema within the relational store; partial schema or schema free in the Aster File Storeschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyesyesoptional
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.yes infoin Aster File Store
Secondary indexesall fields are automatically indexedyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetyes infostandard with numerous extensionsyesyes
APIs and other access methodsMicrosoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Java API infoJPA
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Proprietary protocol
RESTful HTTP API
SOAP-based API
Supported programming languages.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C
C#
C++
Java
Python
R
.Net
Basic infoU2 Basic
C
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Ruser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.R packagesyes
Triggersyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyesnoyes infoU2 Basic
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicepartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashShardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Source-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsyes infoDimension tables are replicated across all nodes in the cluster. The number of replicas for the file store can be configured.Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparknoyes infoSQL Map-Reduce Frameworkno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACIDACID infoconfigurable
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonono
User concepts infoAccess controlAzure Active Directory Authenticationfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights according to SQL-standard and operating system based

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More resources
Microsoft Azure Data ExplorerPostgreSQLTeradata AsterUniData,UniVerse
DB-Engines blog posts

PostgreSQL is the DBMS of the Year 2023
2 January 2024, Matthias Gelbmann, Paul Andlinger

Snowflake is the DBMS of the Year 2022, defending the title from last year
3 January 2023, Matthias Gelbmann, Paul Andlinger

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Conferences, events and webinars

PASS Data Community Summit
Seattle, Washington, 4-8 November 2024

Recent citations in the news

We’re retiring Azure Time Series Insights on 7 July 2024 – transition to Azure Data Explorer
31 May 2024, Microsoft

Update records in a Kusto Database (public preview)
20 February 2024, Microsoft

Announcing General Availability to migrate Virtual Network injected Azure Data Explorer Cluster to Private Endpoints
5 February 2024, Microsoft

Announcing General Availability of Graph Semantics in Kusto
27 May 2024, Microsoft

General availability: Azure Data Explorer adds new geospatial capabilities
23 January 2024, Microsoft

provided by Google News

Migrate SQL Server databases to Babelfish for Aurora PostgreSQL using change tracking with a linked server
24 September 2024, AWS Blog

Supabase raises $80m to expand PostgreSQL platform
25 September 2024, StartupNews.fyi

PostgreSQL tutorial: Get started with PostgreSQL 16
4 September 2024, InfoWorld

PostgreSQL databases under attack
21 August 2024, Help Net Security

MongoDB takes a swing at PostgreSQL after claiming wins against rival
30 August 2024, The Register

provided by Google News

Northwestern Analytics Partners with Teradata Aster to Host Hackathon
23 May 2014, Northwestern Engineering

Teradata's Aster shows how the flowers of fraud bloom
23 April 2015, The Register

Teradata Integrates Big Data Analytic Architecture
22 October 2012, PR Newswire

An American Dream Story, With A Silicon Valley Twist
14 August 2013, Forbes

Gartner, IBM, Teradata make Big Data announcements
17 October 2012, ZDNet

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Unidata inks 3-year Lazio sponsorship deal
13 September 2024, Telecompaper EN

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29 January 2020, IU Newsroom

Bahrain Business: UniData implements major ‘smart classroom’ project
8 April 2024, Gulf Digital News

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21 August 2018, UCAR

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