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DBMS > Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. PlanetScale vs. PostgreSQL vs. TimesTen vs. Yaacomo

System Properties Comparison Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. PlanetScale vs. PostgreSQL vs. TimesTen vs. Yaacomo

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonPlanetScale  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonTimesTen  Xexclude from comparisonYaacomo  Xexclude from comparison
Yaacomo seems to be discontinued and is removed from the DB-Engines ranking
DescriptionFully managed big data interactive analytics platformScalable, distributed, serverless MySQL database platform built on top of VitessWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLIn-Memory RDBMS compatible to OracleOpenCL based in-memory RDBMS, designed for efficiently utilizing the hardware via parallel computing
Primary database modelRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Relational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Document store
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score1.59
Rank#151  Overall
#70  Relational DBMS
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score1.31
Rank#163  Overall
#74  Relational DBMS
Websiteazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerplanetscale.comwww.postgresql.orgwww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­timesten.htmlyaacomo.com
Technical documentationdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerplanetscale.com/­docswww.postgresql.org/­docsdocs.oracle.com/­database/­timesten-18.1
DeveloperMicrosoftPlanetScalePostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerOracle, TimesTen Performance Software, HP infooriginally founded in HP Labs it was acquired by Oracle in 2005Q2WEB GmbH
Initial release201920201989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL19982009
Current releasecloud service with continuous releases16.2, February 202411 Release 2 (11.2.2.8.0)
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoBSDcommercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Aiven for PostgreSQL: Fully managed PostgreSQL for developers with 70+ extensions and flexible orchestration tools.
Implementation languageGoC
Server operating systemshostedDocker
Linux
macOS
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris SPARC/x86
Windows
Android
Linux
Windows
Data schemeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yesyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.nono
Secondary indexesall fields are automatically indexedyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetyes infowith proprietary extensionsyes infostandard with numerous extensionsyesyes
APIs and other access methodsMicrosoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
MySQL protocol
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languages.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C
C++
Java
PL/SQL
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Ryes infoproprietary syntaxuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.PL/SQL
Triggersyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyesyesnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceShardingpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashnonehorizontal partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
Source-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparknononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Eventual Consistency across shards
Immediate Consistency within a shard
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configurationImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyes infonot for MyISAM storage engineyesyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACID at shard levelACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes infotable locks or row locks depending on storage engineyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes infoby means of logfiles and checkpointsyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnoyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAzure Active Directory AuthenticationUsers with fine-grained authorization concept infono user groups or rolesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Microsoft Azure Data ExplorerPlanetScalePostgreSQLTimesTenYaacomo
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