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DBMS > Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. mSQL vs. SurrealDB

System Properties Comparison Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. mSQL vs. SurrealDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonmSQL infoMini SQL  Xexclude from comparisonSurrealDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFully managed big data interactive analytics platformDatabase as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServermSQL (Mini SQL) is a simple and lightweight RDBMSA fully ACID transactional, developer-friendly, multi-model DBMS
Primary database modelRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score76.78
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Score1.27
Rank#169  Overall
#76  Relational DBMS
Score1.02
Rank#190  Overall
#33  Document stores
#18  Graph DBMS
Websiteazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databasehughestech.com.au/­products/­msqlsurrealdb.com
Technical documentationdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqlsurrealdb.com/­docs
DeveloperMicrosoftMicrosoftHughes TechnologiesSurrealDB Ltd
Initial release2019201019942022
Current releasecloud service with continuous releasesV124.4, October 2021v1.5.0, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercialcommercial infofree licenses can be providedOpen Source
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++CRust
Server operating systemshostedhostedAIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris SPARC/x86
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesyesno
Secondary indexesall fields are automatically indexedyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetyesA subset of ANSI SQL is implemented infono subqueries, aggregate functions, views, foreign keys, triggersSQL-like query language
APIs and other access methodsMicrosoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
JDBC
ODBC
GraphQL
RESTful HTTP API
WebSocket
Supported programming languages.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C
C++
Delphi
Java
Perl
PHP
Tcl
Deno
Go
JavaScript (Node.js)
Rust
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, RTransact SQLno
Triggersyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.yes, with always 3 replicas availablenone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparknonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistencynone
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesnoyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nono
User concepts infoAccess controlAzure Active Directory Authenticationfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnoyes, based on authentication and database rules

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More resources
Microsoft Azure Data ExplorerMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzuremSQL infoMini SQLSurrealDB
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