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DBMS > Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. PostgreSQL vs. SurrealDB vs. TerminusDB vs. Tibero

System Properties Comparison Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. PostgreSQL vs. SurrealDB vs. TerminusDB vs. Tibero

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDB  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonSurrealDB  Xexclude from comparisonTerminusDB infoformer name was DataChemist  Xexclude from comparisonTibero  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionGlobally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database serviceWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLA fully ACID transactional, developer-friendly, multi-model DBMSScalable Graph Database platform making enterprise data available by exploiting inferred entities and relationshipsA secure RDBMS, designed for easy portability from Oracle
Primary database modelDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store
Relational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Document store
Graph DBMS
Graph DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
Document store
RDF store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score27.71
Rank#27  Overall
#4  Document stores
#2  Graph DBMS
#3  Key-value stores
#3  Wide column stores
Score636.25
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score1.02
Rank#190  Overall
#33  Document stores
#18  Graph DBMS
Score0.23
Rank#316  Overall
#27  Graph DBMS
Score1.59
Rank#148  Overall
#68  Relational DBMS
Websiteazure.microsoft.com/­services/­cosmos-dbwww.postgresql.orgsurrealdb.comterminusdb.comus.tmaxsoft.com/­products/­tibero
Technical documentationlearn.microsoft.com/­azure/­cosmos-dbwww.postgresql.org/­docssurrealdb.com/­docsterminusdb.github.io/­terminusdb/­#technet.tmaxsoft.com/­upload/­download/­online/­tibero/­pver-20150504-000002/­index.html
DeveloperMicrosoftPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerSurrealDB LtdDataChemist Ltd.TmaxSoft
Initial release20141989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL202220182003
Current release16.3, May 2024v1.5.0, May 202411.0.0, January 20236, April 2015
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoBSDOpen SourceOpen Source infoGPL V3commercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageCRustProlog, RustC and Assembler
Server operating systemshostedFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
LinuxAIX
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeyesschema-freeyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyes infoJSON typesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.noyes
Secondary indexesyes infoAll properties auto-indexed by defaultyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like query languageyes infostandard with numerous extensionsSQL-like query languageSQL-like query language (WOQL)yes
APIs and other access methodsDocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
GraphQL
RESTful HTTP API
WebSocket
OWL
RESTful HTTP API
WOQL (Web Object Query Language)
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
Tibero CLI
Supported programming languages.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Deno
Go
JavaScript (Node.js)
Rust
JavaScript
Python
C
C#
C++
Cobol
Java
Objective-C
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresJavaScriptuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.yesPersistent Stored Procedure (PSM)
TriggersJavaScriptyesyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicepartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashGraph Partitioninghorizontal partitioning infoby range, hash, list or composite
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsJournaling StreamsMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodswith Hadoop integration infoIntegration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*nononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemBounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infoConsistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataMulti-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partitionACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes infoin-memory journalingyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nono infoplanned for next version
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights can be defined down to the item levelfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyes, based on authentication and database rulesRole-based access controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard (SQL 92, SQL 99)

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