DBMS > Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. OrientDB vs. Postgres-XL vs. Solr vs. TimesTen

System Properties Comparison Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. OrientDB vs. Postgres-XL vs. Solr vs. TimesTen

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Globally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database service

Multi-model DBMS (Document, Graph, Key/Value)

Based on PostgreSQL enhanced with MPP and write-scale-out cluster features

A widely used distributed, scalable search engine based on Apache Lucene

In-Memory RDBMS compatible to Oracle

Primary database model

Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store

Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store

Relational DBMS

Search engine

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

Document store
Spatial DBMS

Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	29.04
Rank	#27	Overall
	#4	Document stores
	#2	Graph DBMS
	#3	Key-value stores
	#3	Wide column stores

Score	3.19
Rank	#93	Overall
	#16	Document stores
	#7	Graph DBMS
	#14	Key-value stores

Score	0.49
Rank	#256	Overall
	#117	Relational DBMS

Score	42.91
Rank	#24	Overall
	#3	Search engines

Score	1.31
Rank	#163	Overall
	#74	Relational DBMS

Website

azure.microsoft.com/services/cosmos-db

orientdb.org

www.postgres-xl.org

solr.apache.org

www.oracle.com/database/technologies/related/timesten.html

Technical documentation

learn.microsoft.com/azure/cosmos-db

www.orientdb.com/docs/last/index.html

www.postgres-xl.org/documentation

solr.apache.org/resources.html

docs.oracle.com/database/timesten-18.1

Developer

Microsoft

OrientDB LTD; CallidusCloud; SAP

Apache Software Foundation

Oracle, TimesTen Performance Software, HP

originally founded in HP Labs it was acquired by Oracle in 2005

Initial release

2014

2010

2014

since 2012, originally named StormDB

2006

1998

Current release

3.2.29, March 2024

10 R1, October 2018

9.6.0, April 2024

11 Release 2 (11.2.2.8.0)

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache version 2

Open Source

Mozilla public license

Open Source

Apache Version 2

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

Server operating systems

hosted

All OS with a Java JDK (>= JDK 6)

Linux
macOS

All OS with a Java VM

runs as a servlet in servlet container (e.g. Tomcat, Jetty is included)

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris SPARC/x86
Windows

Data scheme

schema-free

Schema can be enforced for whole record ("schema-full") or for some fields only ("schema-hybrid")

yes

Dynamic Fields enables on-the-fly addition of new fields

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

JSON types

yes

supports customizable data types and automatic typing

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

XML type, but no XML query functionality

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

All properties auto-indexed by default

yes

All search fields are automatically indexed

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like query language

SQL-like query language, no joins

yes

distributed, parallel query execution

Solr Parallel SQL Interface

yes

APIs and other access methods

DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API

Tinkerpop technology stack with Blueprints, Gremlin, Pipes
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)

Supported programming languages

.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python

.Net
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Erlang
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

.Net
Erlang
Java
JavaScript
any language that supports sockets and either XML or JSON
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

C
C++
Java
PL/SQL

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

JavaScript

Java, Javascript

user defined functions

Java plugins

PL/SQL

Triggers

JavaScript

Hooks

yes

User configurable commands triggered on index changes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

Sharding

horizontal partitioning

Sharding

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service

Multi-source replication

yes

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

with Hadoop integration

Integration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*

could be achieved with distributed queries

spark-solr: github.com/lucidworks/spark-solr and streaming expressions to reduce

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Bounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Consistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

relationship in graphs

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

Multi-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partition

ACID

MVCC

optimistic locking

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

by means of logfiles and checkpoints

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights can be defined down to the item level

Access rights for users and roles; record level security configurable

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

yes

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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