DBMS > Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. Oracle NoSQL vs. PostgreSQL vs. TerminusDB vs. Tibero
System Properties Comparison Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. Oracle NoSQL vs. PostgreSQL vs. TerminusDB vs. Tibero
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| Name | Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB  former name was Azure DocumentDB Xexclude from comparison | Oracle NoSQL Xexclude from comparison | PostgreSQL Xexclude from comparison | TerminusDB former name was DataChemist Xexclude from comparison | Tibero Xexclude from comparison | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Description | Globally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database service | A multi-model, scalable, distributed NoSQL database, designed to provide highly reliable, flexible, and available data management across a configurable set of storage nodes | Widely used open source RDBMS Developed as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL | Scalable Graph Database platform making enterprise data available by exploiting inferred entities and relationships | A secure RDBMS, designed for easy portability from Oracle | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Primary database model | Document store Graph DBMS Key-value store Wide column store | Document store Key-value store Relational DBMS | Relational DBMS with object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module. | Graph DBMS | Relational DBMS | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary database models | Spatial DBMS | Document store Graph DBMS with Apache AgeSpatial DBMS Vector DBMS with pgvector extension | Document store RDF store | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Website | azure.microsoft.com/services/cosmos-db | www.oracle.com/database/nosql/technologies/nosql | www.postgresql.org | terminusdb.com | us.tmaxsoft.com/products/tibero | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Technical documentation | learn.microsoft.com/azure/cosmos-db | docs.oracle.com/en/database/other-databases/nosql-database/index.html | www.postgresql.org/docs | terminusdb.github.io/terminusdb/# | technet.tmaxsoft.com/upload/download/online/tibero/pver-20150504-000002/index.html | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Developer | Microsoft | Oracle | PostgreSQL Global Development Group www.postgresql.org/developer | DataChemist Ltd. | TmaxSoft | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Initial release | 2014 | 2011 | 1989 1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL | 2018 | 2003 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Current release | 24.1, May 2024 | 16.3, May 2024 | 11.0.0, January 2023 | 6, April 2015 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| License Commercial or Open Source | commercial | Open Source Proprietary for Enterprise Edition (Oracle Database EE license has Oracle NoSQL database EE covered: details) | Open Source BSD | Open Source GPL V3 | commercial | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cloud-based only Only available as a cloud service | yes | no | no | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Implementation language | Java | C | Prolog, Rust | C and Assembler | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Server operating systems | hosted | Linux Solaris SPARC/x86 | FreeBSD HP-UX Linux NetBSD OpenBSD OS X Solaris Unix Windows | Linux | AIX HP-UX Linux Solaris Windows | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Data scheme | schema-free | Support Fixed schema and Schema-less deployment with the ability to interoperate between them. | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Typing predefined data types such as float or date | yes JSON types | optional | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| XML support Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT. | no | yes specific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality. | no | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary indexes | yes All properties auto-indexed by default | yes | yes | yes | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SQL Support of SQL | SQL-like query language | SQL-like DML and DDL statements | yes standard with numerous extensions | SQL-like query language (WOQL) | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| APIs and other access methods | DocumentDB API Graph API (Gremlin) MongoDB API RESTful HTTP API Table API | RESTful HTTP API | ADO.NET JDBC native C library ODBC streaming API for large objects | OWL RESTful HTTP API WOQL (Web Object Query Language) | JDBC ODBC ODP.NET Oracle Call Interface (OCI) Tibero CLI | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Supported programming languages | .Net C# Java JavaScript JavaScript (Node.js) MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages Python | C C# Go Java JavaScript (Node.js) Python | .Net C C++ Delphi Java JDBCJavaScript (Node.js) Perl PHP Python Tcl | JavaScript Python | C C# C++ Cobol Java Objective-C Perl PHP Python Ruby Visual Basic | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Server-side scripts Stored procedures | JavaScript | no | user defined functions realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc. | yes | Persistent Stored Procedure (PSM) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Triggers | JavaScript | no | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Partitioning methods Methods for storing different data on different nodes | Sharding Implicit feature of the cloud service | Sharding | partitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash | Graph Partitioning | horizontal partitioning by range, hash, list or composite | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Replication methods Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes | yes Implicit feature of the cloud service | Electable source-replica replication per shard. Support distributed global deployment with Multi-region table feature | Source-replica replication other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions | Journaling Streams | Multi-source replication Source-replica replication | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| MapReduce Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods | with Hadoop integration Integration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure* | with Hadoop integration | no | no | no | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consistency concepts Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system | Bounded Staleness Consistent Prefix Eventual Consistency Immediate Consistency Consistency level configurable on request levelSession Consistency | Eventual Consistency Immediate Consistency depending on configuration | Immediate Consistency | Immediate Consistency | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign keys Referential integrity | no | no | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transaction concepts Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data | Multi-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partition | configurable ACID within a storage node (=shard) | ACID | ACID | ACID | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Concurrency Support for concurrent manipulation of data | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Durability Support for making data persistent | yes | yes | yes | yes in-memory journaling | yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| In-memory capabilities Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only. | yes off heap cache | no | no planned for next version | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| User concepts Access control | Access rights can be defined down to the item level | Access rights for users and roles | fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard | Role-based access control | fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard (SQL 92, SQL 99) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| More resources | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB former name was Azure DocumentDB | Oracle NoSQL | PostgreSQL | TerminusDB former name was DataChemist | Tibero | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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