DBMS > Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. Oracle vs. Trino vs. VelocityDB

System Properties Comparison Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. Oracle vs. Trino vs. VelocityDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Globally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database service

Widely used RDBMS

Fast distributed SQL query engine for big data analytics. Forked from Presto and originally named PrestoSQL

A .NET Object Database that can be embedded/distributed and extended to a graph data model (VelocityGraph)

Primary database model

Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS
Object oriented DBMS

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS

since Oracle 23

Document store
Key-value store
Spatial DBMS
Search engine
Time Series DBMS
Wide column store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	24.97
Rank	#27	Overall
	#4	Document stores
	#2	Graph DBMS
	#3	Key-value stores
	#3	Wide column stores

Score	1286.59
Rank	#1	Overall
	#1	Relational DBMS

Score	5.28
Rank	#61	Overall
	#35	Relational DBMS

Score	0.00
Rank	#385	Overall
	#40	Graph DBMS
	#21	Object oriented DBMS

Website

azure.microsoft.com/services/cosmos-db

www.oracle.com/database

trino.io

velocitydb.com

Technical documentation

learn.microsoft.com/azure/cosmos-db

docs.oracle.com/en/database

trino.io/broadcast
trino.io/docs/current

velocitydb.com/UserGuide

Developer

Microsoft

Oracle

Trino Software Foundation

VelocityDB Inc

Initial release

2014

1980

2012

2020 rebranded from PrestoSQL

2011

Current release

23c, September 2023

7.x

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

restricted free version is available

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C and C++

Java

Server operating systems

hosted

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

Linux
macOS

for devlopment

Any that supports .NET

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

Schemaless in JSON and XML columns

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

JSON types

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

All properties auto-indexed by default

yes

depending on connected data-source

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like query language

yes

with proprietary extensions

yes

APIs and other access methods

DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API

JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)

JDBC
RESTful HTTP API
Trino CLI

.Net

Supported programming languages

.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python

C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic

Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
R
Ruby

.Net

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

JavaScript

PL/SQL

also stored procedures in Java possible

yes, depending on connected data-source

Triggers

JavaScript

yes

Callbacks are triggered when data changes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

Sharding, horizontal partitioning

depending on connected data-source

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

depending on connected data-source

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

with Hadoop integration

Integration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*

can be realized in PL/SQL

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Bounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Consistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency

Immediate Consistency

depending on connected data-source

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

Multi-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partition

ACID

isolation level can be parameterized

depending on connected data-source

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

depending on connected data-source

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

Version 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights can be defined down to the item level

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

SQL standard access control

Based on Windows Authentication

More information provided by the system vendor

News

23 is a go, keeping pace with Java
17 September 2024

65: Performance boosts
12 September 2024

64: Control with Open Policy Agent OPA
22 August 2024

63: Querying with JS
1 August 2024

62: A lakehouse that simply works at Prezi
11 July 2024

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