DBMS > Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. NebulaGraph vs. OrientDB vs. Postgres-XL vs. TDengine

System Properties Comparison Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. NebulaGraph vs. OrientDB vs. Postgres-XL vs. TDengine

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Globally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database service

A distributed, linear scalable, high perfomant Graph DBMS

Multi-model DBMS (Document, Graph, Key/Value)

Based on PostgreSQL enhanced with MPP and write-scale-out cluster features

Time Series DBMS and big data platform

Primary database model

Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store

Graph DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store

Relational DBMS

Time Series DBMS

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

Document store
Spatial DBMS

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	29.04
Rank	#27	Overall
	#4	Document stores
	#2	Graph DBMS
	#3	Key-value stores
	#3	Wide column stores

Score	2.14
Rank	#120	Overall
	#10	Graph DBMS

Score	3.19
Rank	#93	Overall
	#16	Document stores
	#7	Graph DBMS
	#14	Key-value stores

Score	0.49
Rank	#256	Overall
	#117	Relational DBMS

Score	2.60
Rank	#107	Overall
	#8	Time Series DBMS

Website

azure.microsoft.com/services/cosmos-db

github.com/vesoft-inc/nebula
www.nebula-graph.io

orientdb.org

www.postgres-xl.org

github.com/taosdata/TDengine
tdengine.com

Technical documentation

learn.microsoft.com/azure/cosmos-db

docs.nebula-graph.io

www.orientdb.com/docs/last/index.html

www.postgres-xl.org/documentation

docs.tdengine.com

Developer

Microsoft

Vesoft Inc.

OrientDB LTD; CallidusCloud; SAP

TDEngine, previously Taos Data

Initial release

2014

2019

2010

2014

since 2012, originally named StormDB

2019

Current release

3.2.29, March 2024

10 R1, October 2018

3.0, August 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0 + Common Clause 1.0

Open Source

Apache version 2

Open Source

Mozilla public license

Open Source

AGPL V3, also commercial editions available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Java

Server operating systems

hosted

Linux

All OS with a Java JDK (>= JDK 6)

Linux
macOS

Linux
Windows

Data scheme

schema-free

Strong typed schema

schema-free

Schema can be enforced for whole record ("schema-full") or for some fields only ("schema-hybrid")

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

JSON types

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

XML type, but no XML query functionality

Secondary indexes

yes

All properties auto-indexed by default

yes

Nebula Graph internally uses the Key-Value store RocksDB for persistency. The vertices, edges, and their properties are stored as Key while their values are stored as Value. The primary indexes are per Key and secondary indexes are per Value.

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like query language

SQL-like query language, no joins

yes

distributed, parallel query execution

Standard SQL with extensions for time-series applications

APIs and other access methods

DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API

Browser interface
console (shell)
Cypher Query Language
GO Object Graph Mapper
Java Object Graph Mapper
NGBatis

ORM framework for NebulaGraph and Spring-Boot
Proprietary native API
Python Object Graph Mapper
Query language nGQL

Tinkerpop technology stack with Blueprints, Gremlin, Pipes
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

JDBC
RESTful HTTP API

Supported programming languages

.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python

.Net
C++
Go
Java
PHP
Python

.Net
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Erlang
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

C
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Rust

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

JavaScript

user defined functions

Java, Javascript

user defined functions

Triggers

JavaScript

Hooks

yes

yes, via alarm monitoring

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

Sharding

horizontal partitioning

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service

Causal Clustering using Raft protocol

Multi-source replication

yes

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

with Hadoop integration

Integration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*

could be achieved with distributed queries

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Bounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Consistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Relationships in graphs

yes

relationship in graphs

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

Multi-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partition

ACID

MVCC

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

using RocksDB

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights can be defined down to the item level

Role-based access control

Access rights for users and roles; record level security configurable

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

yes

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

NebulaGraph is a truly distributed, linearly scalable, lightning-fast graph database,...
» more

TDengine™ is a next generation data historian purpose-built for Industry 4.0 and...
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Competitive advantages

NebulaGraph boasts the world's only graph database solution that is able to host...
» more

High Performance at any Scale: TDengine is purpose-built for handling massive industrial...
» more

Typical application scenarios

Social networking Fraud detection Knowledge graph Data warehouse management Anti...
» more

TDengine is designed for Industrial IoT scenarios, including: Manufacturing Connected...
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Key customers

Companies from a variety of industries have implemented NebulaGraph Database in production,...
» more

Market metrics

At our very early stage, NebulaGraph has already received over 10,000 stars on GitHub...
» more

TDengine has garnered over 22,500 stars on GitHub and is used in over 50 countries...
» more

Licensing and pricing models

NebulaGraph is open source and free to use under Apache 2.0 license.
» more

TDengine OSS is an open source, cloud native time series database. It includes built-in...
» more

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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.