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DBMS > Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. MySQL vs. PlanetScale

System Properties Comparison Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. MySQL vs. PlanetScale

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonMySQL  Xexclude from comparisonPlanetScale  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionGlobally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database serviceMicrosofts flagship relational DBMSWidely used open source RDBMSScalable, distributed, serverless MySQL database platform built on top of Vitess
Primary database modelDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store
Relational DBMSRelational DBMS infoKey/Value like access via memcached APIRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score27.71
Rank#27  Overall
#4  Document stores
#2  Graph DBMS
#3  Key-value stores
#3  Wide column stores
Score821.56
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score1061.34
Rank#2  Overall
#2  Relational DBMS
Score1.49
Rank#155  Overall
#72  Relational DBMS
Websiteazure.microsoft.com/­services/­cosmos-dbwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-serverwww.mysql.complanetscale.com
Technical documentationlearn.microsoft.com/­azure/­cosmos-dblearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-serverdev.mysql.com/­docplanetscale.com/­docs
DeveloperMicrosoftMicrosoftOracle infosince 2010, originally MySQL AB, then SunPlanetScale
Initial release2014198919952020
Current releaseSQL Server 2022, November 20228.4.0, April 2024
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoGPL version 2. Commercial licenses with extended functionallity are availablecommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnonoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++C and C++Go
Server operating systemshostedLinux
Windows
FreeBSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Docker
Linux
macOS
Data schemeschema-freeyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyes infoJSON typesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesyes
Secondary indexesyes infoAll properties auto-indexed by defaultyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like query languageyesyes infowith proprietary extensionsyes infowith proprietary extensions
APIs and other access methodsDocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary native API
ADO.NET
JDBC
MySQL protocol
ODBC
Supported programming languages.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresJavaScriptTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Javayes infoproprietary syntaxyes infoproprietary syntax
TriggersJavaScriptyesyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicetables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationhorizontal partitioning, sharding with MySQL Cluster or MySQL FabricSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceyes, but depending on the SQL-Server EditionMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodswith Hadoop integration infoIntegration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*nonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemBounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infoConsistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency across shards
Immediate Consistency within a shard
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyes infonot for MyISAM storage engineyes infonot for MyISAM storage engine
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataMulti-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partitionACIDACID infonot for MyISAM storage engineACID at shard level
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes infotable locks or row locks depending on storage engineyes infotable locks or row locks depending on storage engine
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights can be defined down to the item levelfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardUsers with fine-grained authorization concept infono user groups or rolesUsers with fine-grained authorization concept infono user groups or roles

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More resources
Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDBMicrosoft SQL ServerMySQLPlanetScale
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