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DBMS > Microsoft Access vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. PostgreSQL vs. RRDtool vs. SpatiaLite

System Properties Comparison Microsoft Access vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. PostgreSQL vs. RRDtool vs. SpatiaLite

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameMicrosoft Access  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonRRDtool  Xexclude from comparisonSpatiaLite  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionMicrosoft Access combines a backend RDBMS (JET / ACE Engine) with a GUI frontend for data manipulation and queries. infoThe Access frontend is often used for accessing other datasources (DBMS, Excel, etc.)Elastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL ServerWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLIndustry standard data logging and graphing tool for time series data. RRD is an acronym for round-robin database. infoThe data is stored in a circular buffer, thus the system storage footprint remains constant over time.Spatial extension of SQLite
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Time Series DBMSSpatial DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score101.16
Rank#11  Overall
#8  Relational DBMS
Score19.93
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Score636.25
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score1.90
Rank#132  Overall
#11  Time Series DBMS
Score1.63
Rank#146  Overall
#3  Spatial DBMS
Websitewww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­microsoft-365/­accessazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analyticswww.postgresql.orgoss.oetiker.ch/­rrdtoolwww.gaia-gis.it/­fossil/­libspatialite/­index
Technical documentationdeveloper.microsoft.com/­en-us/­accessdocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analyticswww.postgresql.org/­docsoss.oetiker.ch/­rrdtool/­docwww.gaia-gis.it/­gaia-sins/­spatialite_topics.html
DeveloperMicrosoftMicrosoftPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerTobias OetikerAlessandro Furieri
Initial release199220161989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL19992008
Current release1902 (16.0.11328.20222), March 201916.3, May 20241.8.0, 20225.0.0, August 2020
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercial infoBundled with Microsoft OfficecommercialOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoGPL V2 and FLOSSOpen Source infoMPL 1.1, GPL v2.0 or LGPL v2.1
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++C++CC infoImplementations in Java (e.g. RRD4J) and C# availableC++
Server operating systemsWindows infoNot a real database server, but making use of DLLshostedFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
HP-UX
Linux
server-less
Data schemeyesyesyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesNumeric data onlyyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.no infoExporting into and restoring from XML files possibleno
Secondary indexesyesyesyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infobut not compliant to any SQL standardyesyes infostandard with numerous extensionsnoyes
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
DAO
ODBC
OLE DB
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
in-process shared library
Pipes
Supported programming languagesC
C#
C++
Delphi
Java (JDBC-ODBC)
VBA
Visual Basic.NET
C#
Java
PHP
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C infowith librrd library
C# infowith a different implementation of RRDTool
Java infowith a different implementation of RRDTool
JavaScript (Node.js) infowith a different implementation of RRDTool
Lua
Perl
PHP infowith a wrapper library
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infosince Access 2010 using the ACE-engineTransact SQLuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.nono
Triggersyes infosince Access 2010 using the ACE-enginenoyesnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneSharding, horizontal partitioningpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashnonenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneyesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsnonenone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistencynone
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesno infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraintsyesnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infobut no files for transaction loggingACIDACIDnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes infoby using the rrdcached daemonyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infobut no files for transaction loggingyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlno infoa simple user-level security was built in till version Access 2003yesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnono

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Microsoft AccessMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehousePostgreSQLRRDtoolSpatiaLite
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