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DBMS > etcd vs. MaxDB vs. Memcached vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. PostgreSQL

System Properties Comparison etcd vs. MaxDB vs. Memcached vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. PostgreSQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Nameetcd  Xexclude from comparisonMaxDB infoformerly named Adabas-D  Xexclude from comparisonMemcached  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDB  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA distributed reliable key-value storeA robust and reliable RDBMS optimized to run all major SAP solutionsIn-memory key-value store, originally intended for cachingGlobally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database serviceWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL
Primary database modelKey-value storeRelational DBMSKey-value storeDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store
Relational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score7.03
Rank#54  Overall
#5  Key-value stores
Score2.26
Rank#114  Overall
#55  Relational DBMS
Score18.08
Rank#32  Overall
#4  Key-value stores
Score27.71
Rank#27  Overall
#4  Document stores
#2  Graph DBMS
#3  Key-value stores
#3  Wide column stores
Score636.25
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Websiteetcd.io
github.com/­etcd-io/­etcd
maxdb.sap.comwww.memcached.orgazure.microsoft.com/­services/­cosmos-dbwww.postgresql.org
Technical documentationetcd.io/­docs
github.com/­etcd-io/­etcd/­tree/­master/­Documentation
maxdb.sap.com/­documentationgithub.com/­memcached/­memcached/­wikilearn.microsoft.com/­azure/­cosmos-dbwww.postgresql.org/­docs
DeveloperSAP, acquired from Software AG (Adabas-D) in 1997Danga Interactive infooriginally developed by Brad Fitzpatrick for LiveJournalMicrosoftPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developer
Initial release1984200320141989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL
Current release3.4, August 20197.9.10.12, February 20241.6.27, May 202416.3, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0commercial infoLimited community edition freeOpen Source infoBSD licensecommercialOpen Source infoBSD
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageGoC++CC
Server operating systemsFreeBSD
Linux
Windows infoexperimental
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
FreeBSD
Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows
hostedFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeyesschema-freeschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or datenoyesnoyes infoJSON typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesnoyesnoyes infoAll properties auto-indexed by defaultyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyesnoSQL-like query languageyes infostandard with numerous extensions
APIs and other access methodsgRPC
JSON over HTTP
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
WebDAV
Proprietary protocolDocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Tcl
.Net
C#
Java
Perl
PHP
Python
.Net
C
C++
ColdFusion
Erlang
Java
Lisp
Lua
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyesnoJavaScriptuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
Triggersyes, watching key changesyesnoJavaScriptyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicepartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesUsing Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.Source-replica replicationnone infoRepcached, a Memcached patch, provides this functionallityyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensions
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononowith Hadoop integration infoIntegration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*no
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyBounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infoConsistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesnonoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDnoMulti-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partitionACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesnoyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonono
User concepts infoAccess controlnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyes infousing SASL (Simple Authentication and Security Layer) protocolAccess rights can be defined down to the item levelfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
etcdMaxDB infoformerly named Adabas-DMemcachedMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDBPostgreSQL
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