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DBMS > Lovefield vs. Neo4j vs. Solr vs. Stardog vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison Lovefield vs. Neo4j vs. Solr vs. Stardog vs. XTDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameLovefield  Xexclude from comparisonNeo4j  Xexclude from comparisonSolr  Xexclude from comparisonStardog  Xexclude from comparisonXTDB infoformerly named Crux  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionEmbeddable relational database for web apps written in pure JavaScriptScalable, ACID-compliant graph database designed with a high-performance distributed cluster architecture, available in self-hosted and cloud offeringsA widely used distributed, scalable search engine based on Apache LuceneEnterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualizationA general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries
Primary database modelRelational DBMSGraph DBMSSearch engineGraph DBMS
RDF store
Document store
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score0.29
Rank#293  Overall
#133  Relational DBMS
Score44.46
Rank#23  Overall
#1  Graph DBMS
Score42.91
Rank#24  Overall
#3  Search engines
Score2.02
Rank#123  Overall
#11  Graph DBMS
#6  RDF stores
Score0.11
Rank#343  Overall
#46  Document stores
Websitegoogle.github.io/­lovefieldneo4j.comsolr.apache.orgwww.stardog.comgithub.com/­xtdb/­xtdb
www.xtdb.com
Technical documentationgithub.com/­google/­lovefield/­blob/­master/­docs/­spec_index.mdneo4j.com/­docssolr.apache.org/­resources.htmldocs.stardog.comwww.xtdb.com/­docs
DeveloperGoogleNeo4j, Inc.Apache Software FoundationStardog-UnionJuxt Ltd.
Initial release20142007200620102019
Current release2.1.12, February 20175.19, April 20249.6.0, April 20247.3.0, May 20201.19, September 2021
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoGPL version3, commercial licenses availableOpen Source infoApache Version 2commercial info60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/studentsOpen Source infoMIT License
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Neo4j Aura: Neo4j’s fully managed cloud service: The zero-admin, always-on graph database for cloud developers.
Implementation languageJavaScriptJava, ScalaJavaJavaClojure
Server operating systemsserver-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js) infotested with Chrome, Firefox, IE, SafariLinux infoCan also be used server-less as embedded Java database.
OS X
Solaris
Windows
All OS with a Java VM inforuns as a servlet in servlet container (e.g. Tomcat, Jetty is included)Linux
macOS
Windows
All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux
Data schemeyesschema-free and schema-optionalyes infoDynamic Fields enables on-the-fly addition of new fieldsschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema supportschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infosupports customizable data types and automatic typingyesyes, extensible-data-notation format
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesno infoImport/export of XML data possibleno
Secondary indexesyesyes infopluggable indexing subsystem, by default Apache Luceneyes infoAll search fields are automatically indexedyes infosupports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatialyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like query language infovia JavaScript builder patternnoSolr Parallel SQL InterfaceYes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Serverlimited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite
APIs and other access methodsBolt protocol
Cypher query language
Java API
Neo4j-OGM infoObject Graph Mapper
RESTful HTTP API
Spring Data Neo4j
TinkerPop 3
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3
HTTP REST
JDBC
Supported programming languagesJavaScript.Net
Clojure
Elixir
Go
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
Erlang
Java
JavaScript
any language that supports sockets and either XML or JSON
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby
Clojure
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyes infoUser defined Procedures and FunctionsJava pluginsuser defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Javano
TriggersUsing read-only observersyes infovia event handleryes infoUser configurable commands triggered on index changesyes infovia event handlersno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneyes using Neo4j FabricShardingnonenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneCausal Clustering using Raft protocol infoavailable in in Enterprise Version onlyyesMulti-source replication in HA-Clusteryes, each node contains all data
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonospark-solr: github.com/­lucidworks/­spark-solr and streaming expressions to reducenono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemCausal and Eventual Consistency configurable in Causal Cluster setup
Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode
Eventual ConsistencyImmediate Consistency in HA-Cluster
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyes infoRelationships in graphsnoyes inforelationships in graphsno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDoptimistic lockingACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes, by using IndexedDB or the cloud service Firebase Realtime Databaseyesyesyesyes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yes infousing MemoryDByesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnoUsers, roles and permissions. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)yesAccess rights for users and roles
More information provided by the system vendor
LovefieldNeo4jSolrStardogXTDB infoformerly named Crux
Specific characteristicsNeo4j delivers graph technology that has been battle tested for performance and scale...
» more
Competitive advantagesNeo4j is the market leader, graph database category creator, and the most widely...
» more
Typical application scenariosReal-Time Recommendations Master Data Management Identity and Access Management Network...
» more
Key customersOver 800 commercial customers and over 4300 startups use Neo4j. Flagship customers...
» more
Market metricsNeo4j boasts the world's largest graph database ecosystem with more than 140 million...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsGPL v3 license that can be used all the places where you might use MySQL. Neo4j Commercial...
» more
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More resources
LovefieldNeo4jSolrStardogXTDB infoformerly named Crux
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