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DBMS > Lovefield vs. Neo4j vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. Stardog vs. Trafodion

System Properties Comparison Lovefield vs. Neo4j vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. Stardog vs. Trafodion

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameLovefield  Xexclude from comparisonNeo4j  Xexclude from comparisonOracle Berkeley DB  Xexclude from comparisonStardog  Xexclude from comparisonTrafodion  Xexclude from comparison
Apache Trafodion has been retired in 2021. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionEmbeddable relational database for web apps written in pure JavaScriptScalable, ACID-compliant graph database designed with a high-performance distributed cluster architecture, available in self-hosted and cloud offeringsWidely used in-process key-value storeEnterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualizationTransactional SQL-on-Hadoop DBMS
Primary database modelRelational DBMSGraph DBMSKey-value store infosupports sorted and unsorted key sets
Native XML DBMS infoin the Oracle Berkeley DB XML version
Graph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score0.29
Rank#293  Overall
#133  Relational DBMS
Score44.46
Rank#23  Overall
#1  Graph DBMS
Score2.21
Rank#117  Overall
#20  Key-value stores
#3  Native XML DBMS
Score2.02
Rank#123  Overall
#11  Graph DBMS
#6  RDF stores
Websitegoogle.github.io/­lovefieldneo4j.comwww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­berkeleydb.htmlwww.stardog.comtrafodion.apache.org
Technical documentationgithub.com/­google/­lovefield/­blob/­master/­docs/­spec_index.mdneo4j.com/­docsdocs.oracle.com/­cd/­E17076_05/­html/­index.htmldocs.stardog.comtrafodion.apache.org/­documentation.html
DeveloperGoogleNeo4j, Inc.Oracle infooriginally developed by Sleepycat, which was acquired by OracleStardog-UnionApache Software Foundation, originally developed by HP
Initial release20142007199420102014
Current release2.1.12, February 20175.19, April 202418.1.40, May 20207.3.0, May 20202.3.0, February 2019
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoGPL version3, commercial licenses availableOpen Source infocommercial license availablecommercial info60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/studentsOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Neo4j Aura: Neo4j’s fully managed cloud service: The zero-admin, always-on graph database for cloud developers.
Implementation languageJavaScriptJava, ScalaC, Java, C++ (depending on the Berkeley DB edition)JavaC++, Java
Server operating systemsserver-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js) infotested with Chrome, Firefox, IE, SafariLinux infoCan also be used server-less as embedded Java database.
OS X
Solaris
Windows
AIX
Android
FreeBSD
iOS
Linux
OS X
Solaris
VxWorks
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
Linux
Data schemeyesschema-free and schema-optionalschema-freeschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema supportyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnoyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes infoonly with the Berkeley DB XML editionno infoImport/export of XML data possibleno
Secondary indexesyesyes infopluggable indexing subsystem, by default Apache Luceneyesyes infosupports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatialyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like query language infovia JavaScript builder patternnoyes infoSQL interfaced based on SQLite is availableYes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Serveryes
APIs and other access methodsBolt protocol
Cypher query language
Java API
Neo4j-OGM infoObject Graph Mapper
RESTful HTTP API
Spring Data Neo4j
TinkerPop 3
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesJavaScript.Net
Clojure
Elixir
Go
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net infoFigaro is a .Net framework assembly that extends Berkeley DB XML into an embeddable database engine for .NET
others infoThird-party libraries to manipulate Berkeley DB files are available for many languages
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Perl
Python
Tcl
.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC/ADO.Net
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyes infoUser defined Procedures and Functionsnouser defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in JavaJava Stored Procedures
TriggersUsing read-only observersyes infovia event handleryes infoonly for the SQL APIyes infovia event handlersno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneyes using Neo4j FabricnonenoneSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneCausal Clustering using Raft protocol infoavailable in in Enterprise Version onlySource-replica replicationMulti-source replication in HA-Clusteryes, via HBase
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononoyes infovia user defined functions and HBase
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemCausal and Eventual Consistency configurable in Causal Cluster setup
Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode
Immediate Consistency in HA-ClusterImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyes infoRelationships in graphsnoyes inforelationships in graphsyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes, by using IndexedDB or the cloud service Firebase Realtime Databaseyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yes infousing MemoryDByesyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlnoUsers, roles and permissions. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)noAccess rights for users and rolesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
LovefieldNeo4jOracle Berkeley DBStardogTrafodion
Specific characteristicsNeo4j delivers graph technology that has been battle tested for performance and scale...
» more
Competitive advantagesNeo4j is the market leader, graph database category creator, and the most widely...
» more
Typical application scenariosReal-Time Recommendations Master Data Management Identity and Access Management Network...
» more
Key customersOver 800 commercial customers and over 4300 startups use Neo4j. Flagship customers...
» more
Market metricsNeo4j boasts the world's largest graph database ecosystem with more than 140 million...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsGPL v3 license that can be used all the places where you might use MySQL. Neo4j Commercial...
» more
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