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DBMS > Lovefield vs. MongoDB vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. RavenDB vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison Lovefield vs. MongoDB vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. RavenDB vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameLovefield  Xexclude from comparisonMongoDB  Xexclude from comparisonOracle Berkeley DB  Xexclude from comparisonRavenDB  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionEmbeddable relational database for web apps written in pure JavaScriptOne of the most popular document stores available both as a fully managed cloud service and for deployment on self-managed infrastructureWidely used in-process key-value storeOpen Source Operational and Transactional Enterprise NoSQL Document DatabaseVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument storeKey-value store infosupports sorted and unsorted key sets
Native XML DBMS infoin the Oracle Berkeley DB XML version
Document storeDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
Search engine infointegrated Lucene index, currently in MongoDB Atlas only.
Time Series DBMS infoTime Series Collections introduced in Release 5.0
Vector DBMS infocurrently available in the MongoDB Atlas cloud service only
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score0.29
Rank#293  Overall
#133  Relational DBMS
Score421.65
Rank#5  Overall
#1  Document stores
Score2.21
Rank#117  Overall
#20  Key-value stores
#3  Native XML DBMS
Score2.92
Rank#101  Overall
#18  Document stores
Score4.26
Rank#78  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#42  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websitegoogle.github.io/­lovefieldwww.mongodb.comwww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­berkeleydb.htmlravendb.netvirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationgithub.com/­google/­lovefield/­blob/­master/­docs/­spec_index.mdwww.mongodb.com/­docs/­manualdocs.oracle.com/­cd/­E17076_05/­html/­index.htmlravendb.net/­docsdocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperGoogleMongoDB, IncOracle infooriginally developed by Sleepycat, which was acquired by OracleHibernating RhinosOpenLink Software
Initial release20142009199420101998
Current release2.1.12, February 20176.0.7, June 202318.1.40, May 20205.4, July 20227.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoMongoDB Inc.'s Server Side Public License v1. Prior versions were published under GNU AGPL v3.0. Commercial licenses are also available.Open Source infocommercial license availableOpen Source infoAGPL version 3, commercial license availableOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenono infoMongoDB available as DBaaS (MongoDB Atlas)nonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaScriptC++C, Java, C++ (depending on the Berkeley DB edition)C#C
Server operating systemsserver-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js) infotested with Chrome, Firefox, IE, SafariLinux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
AIX
Android
FreeBSD
iOS
Linux
OS X
Solaris
VxWorks
Windows
Linux
macOS
Raspberry Pi
Windows
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-free infoAlthough schema-free, documents of the same collection often follow the same structure. Optionally impose all or part of a schema by defining a JSON schema.schema-freeschema-freeyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes infostring, integer, double, decimal, boolean, date, object_id, geospatialnonoyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes infoonly with the Berkeley DB XML editionyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like query language infovia JavaScript builder patternRead-only SQL queries via the MongoDB Atlas SQL Interfaceyes infoSQL interfaced based on SQLite is availableSQL-like query language (RQL)yes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsGraphQL
HTTP REST
Prisma
proprietary protocol using JSON
.NET Client API
F# Client API
Go Client API
Java Client API
NodeJS Client API
PHP Client API
Python Client API
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languagesJavaScriptActionscript infounofficial driver
C
C#
C++
Clojure infounofficial driver
ColdFusion infounofficial driver
D infounofficial driver
Dart infounofficial driver
Delphi infounofficial driver
Erlang
Go
Groovy infounofficial driver
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Kotlin
Lisp infounofficial driver
Lua infounofficial driver
MatLab infounofficial driver
Perl
PHP
PowerShell infounofficial driver
Prolog infounofficial driver
Python
R infounofficial driver
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Smalltalk infounofficial driver
Swift
.Net infoFigaro is a .Net framework assembly that extends Berkeley DB XML into an embeddable database engine for .NET
others infoThird-party libraries to manipulate Berkeley DB files are available for many languages
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Perl
Python
Tcl
.Net
C#
F#
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoJavaScriptnoyesyes infoVirtuoso PL
TriggersUsing read-only observersyes infoin MongoDB Atlas onlyyes infoonly for the SQL APIyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneSharding infoPartitioned by hashed, ranged, or zoned sharding keys. Live resharding allows users to change their shard keys as an online operation with zero downtime.noneShardingyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneMulti-Source deployments with MongoDB Atlas Global Clusters
Source-replica replication
Source-replica replicationMulti-source replicationChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesnoyesyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency infocan be individually decided for each read operation
Immediate Consistency infodefault behaviour
Default ACID transactions on the local node (eventually consistent across the cluster). Atomic operations with cluster-wide ACID transactions. Eventual consistency for indexes and full-text search indexes.Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesno infotypically not used, however similar functionality with DBRef possiblenonoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDMulti-document ACID Transactions with snapshot isolationACIDACID, Cluster-wide transaction availableACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes, by using IndexedDB or the cloud service Firebase Realtime Databaseyes infooptional, enabled by defaultyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yes infousing MemoryDByes infoIn-memory storage engine introduced with MongoDB version 3.2yesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnoAccess rights for users and rolesnoAuthorization levels configured per client per databaseFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
LovefieldMongoDBOracle Berkeley DBRavenDBVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsMongoDB provides an integrated suite of cloud database and data services to accelerate...
» more
Virtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesBuilt around the flexible document data model and unified API, MongoDB is a developer...
» more
Performance & Scale โ€” as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosAI-enriched intelligent apps (Continental, Telefonica, Iron Mountain) Internet of...
» more
Used for โ€” Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersADP, Adobe, Amadeus, AstraZeneca, Auto Trader, Barclays, BBVA, Bosch, Cisco, CERN,...
» more
Broad use across enterprises and governments including โ€” European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsHundreds of millions downloads, over 150,000+ Atlas clusters provisioned every month...
» more
Largest installed-base โ€‹of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsMongoDB database server: Server-Side Public License (SSPL) . Commercial licenses...
» more
Available in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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More resources
LovefieldMongoDBOracle Berkeley DBRavenDBVirtuoso
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