Featured Products: Datastax Astra Neo4j Milvus

DBMS > LevelDB vs. OpenTSDB vs. PostgreSQL vs. RDF4J vs. SQL.JS

System Properties Comparison LevelDB vs. OpenTSDB vs. PostgreSQL vs. RDF4J vs. SQL.JS

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string values

Scalable Time Series DBMS based on HBase

Widely used open source RDBMS

Developed as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL

RDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.

Port of SQLite to JavaScript

Primary database model

Key-value store

Time Series DBMS

Relational DBMS

with object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS

with pgvector extension

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.25
Rank	#115	Overall
	#19	Key-value stores

Score	1.68
Rank	#142	Overall
	#12	Time Series DBMS

Score	636.25
Rank	#4	Overall
	#4	Relational DBMS

Score	0.74
Rank	#222	Overall
	#9	RDF stores

Score	0.63
Rank	#241	Overall
	#112	Relational DBMS

Website

github.com/google/leveldb

www.postgresql.org

Technical documentation

github.com/google/leveldb/blob/main/doc/index.md

opentsdb.net/docs/build/html/index.html

www.postgresql.org/docs

rdf4j.org/documentation

sql.js.org/documentation/index.html

Developer

Google

currently maintained by Yahoo and other contributors

PostgreSQL Global Development Group

www.postgresql.org/developer

Since 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.

Alon Zakai

enhancements implemented by others

Initial release

2011

2011

1989

1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL

2004

2012

Current release

1.23, February 2021

16.3, May 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

BSD

Open Source

LGPL

Open Source

BSD

Open Source

Eclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.

Open Source

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

no

no

no

no

no

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Aiven for PostgreSQL: Fully managed PostgreSQL for developers with 70+ extensions and flexible orchestration tools.
PostgreSQL Flex @ STACKIT offers managed PostgreSQL Instances with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed and several extensions available, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All 100% GDPR-compliant.

Implementation language

C++

Java

C

Java

JavaScript

Server operating systems

Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux
Windows

FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows

Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows

server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)

Data scheme

schema-free

schema-free

yes

yes

RDF Schemas

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

no

numeric data for metrics, strings for tags

yes

yes

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

no

no

yes

specific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.

no

Secondary indexes

no

no

yes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

no

no

yes

standard with numerous extensions

no

yes

SQL-92 is not fully supported

APIs and other access methods

HTTP API
Telnet API

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

Java API
RIO

RDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL

Sesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL

JavaScript API

Supported programming languages

C++
Go
Java

3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Python

3rd party binding

Erlang
Go
Java
Python
R
Ruby

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java

JDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

Java
PHP
Python

JavaScript

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

no

no

user defined functions

realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.

yes

no

Triggers

no

no

yes

yes

no

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

based on HBase

partitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash

none

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

none

selectable replication factor

based on HBase

Source-replica replication

other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions

none

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

no

no

no

no

no

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency

based on HBase

Immediate Consistency

none

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

no

no

yes

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

no

no

ACID

ACID

Isolation support depends on the API used

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes

yes

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

with automatic compression on writes

yes

yes

yes

in-memory storage is supported as well

no

except by serializing a db to a file

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

no

no

yes

User concepts

Access control

no

no

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

no

no

More information provided by the system vendor

We invite representatives of system vendors to contact us for updating and extending the system information,
and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

Related products and services

3rd parties

Navicat for PostgreSQL is an easy-to-use graphical tool for PostgreSQL database development.
» more

Instaclustr: Fully Hosted & Managed PostgreSQL
» more

Redgate webinars: A series of key topics for new PostgreSQL users.
» more

Aiven for PostgreSQL: Fully managed PostgreSQL for developers with 70+ extensions and flexible orchestration tools.
» more

Navicat Monitor is a safe, simple and agentless remote server monitoring tool for PostgreSQL and many other database management systems.
» more

CYBERTEC is your professional partner in PostgreSQL topics for over 20 years. As our main aim is to be your single-source all-in-one IT service provider, we offer a wide range of products and services. Visit our website for more details.
» more

pgDash: In-Depth PostgreSQL Monitoring.
» more

SharePlex is the reliable and affordable data replication solution for PostgreSQL migrations, high availability and more.
» more

We invite representatives of vendors of related products to contact us for presenting information about their offerings here.

More resources

DB-Engines blog posts

Time Series DBMS are the database category with the fastest increase in popularity
4 July 2016, Matthias Gelbmann

PostgreSQL is the DBMS of the Year 2023
2 January 2024, Matthias Gelbmann, Paul Andlinger

Snowflake is the DBMS of the Year 2022, defending the title from last year
3 January 2023, Matthias Gelbmann, Paul Andlinger

Snowflake is the DBMS of the Year 2021
3 January 2022, Paul Andlinger, Matthias Gelbmann

New kids on the block: database management systems implemented in JavaScript
1 December 2014, Matthias Gelbmann

Recent citations in the news

Malicious npm 'colors' typosquats pack Discord malware
3 May 2022, Sonatype Blog

Pliops unveils XDP-Rocks for RocksDB – Blocks and Files
19 October 2022, Blocks and Files

Microsoft Teams stores auth tokens as cleartext in Windows, Linux, Macs
14 September 2022, BleepingComputer

XanMod, Liquorix Kernels Offer Some Advantages On AMD Ryzen 5 Notebook
26 July 2021, Phoronix

Threat Thursday: BlackGuard Infostealer Rises from Russian Underground Markets
21 April 2022, BlackBerry Blog

provided by Google News

Comparing Different Time-Series Databases
10 February 2022, hackernoon.com

MapR to help admins peer into dense Hadoop clusters
28 June 2016, SiliconANGLE News

A real-time processing revival - O'Reilly Radar
2 April 2015, O'Reilly Radar

provided by Google News

PostgreSQL is Now Faster than Pinecone, 75% Cheaper, with New Open Source Extensions
11 June 2024, PR Newswire

Timescale unveils high-performance AI vector database extensions for PostgreSQL
11 June 2024, SiliconANGLE News

PostgreSQL Tutorial: Definition, Commands, & Features
4 June 2024, Simplilearn

Raise the bar on AI-powered app development with Azure Database for PostgreSQL
5 June 2024, Microsoft

How to implement a better like, views, comment counters in PostgreSQL?
28 May 2024, SitePoint

provided by Google News

GraphDB Goes Open Source
27 January 2020, iProgrammer

Ontotext's GraphDB 8.10 Makes Knowledge Graph Experience Faster and Richer
13 June 2019, Markets Insider

provided by Google News

9 Best JavaScript and TypeScript ORMs for 2024 — SitePoint
22 March 2023, SitePoint

Execute millions of SQL statements in milliseconds in the browser with WebAssembly and Web Workers.
14 January 2017, hackernoon.com

SQLite On The Web: Absurd-sql
24 August 2021, Hackaday

In Praise Of SQLite
28 July 2022, iProgrammer

10 Low-Code Rules for Serious Coders
21 November 2022, Embedded Computing Design

provided by Google News

Share this page

Featured Products

Present your product here