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DBMS > LevelDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. PostGIS vs. Postgres-XL vs. Valentina Server

System Properties Comparison LevelDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. PostGIS vs. Postgres-XL vs. Valentina Server

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonPostGIS  Xexclude from comparisonPostgres-XL  Xexclude from comparisonValentina Server  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionEmbeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesFully managed big data interactive analytics platformSpatial extension of PostgreSQLBased on PostgreSQL enhanced with MPP and write-scale-out cluster featuresObject-relational database and reports server
Primary database modelKey-value storeRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedSpatial DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Relational DBMSDocument store
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.25
Rank#115  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score21.72
Rank#29  Overall
#1  Spatial DBMS
Score0.53
Rank#254  Overall
#117  Relational DBMS
Score0.21
Rank#325  Overall
#144  Relational DBMS
Websitegithub.com/­google/­leveldbazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerpostgis.netwww.postgres-xl.orgwww.valentina-db.net
Technical documentationgithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.mddocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerpostgis.net/­documentationwww.postgres-xl.org/­documentationvalentina-db.com/­docs/­dokuwiki/­v5/­doku.php
DeveloperGoogleMicrosoftParadigma Software
Initial release2011201920052014 infosince 2012, originally named StormDB1999
Current release1.23, February 2021cloud service with continuous releases3.4.2, February 202410 R1, October 20185.7.5
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoBSDcommercialOpen Source infoGPL v2.0Open Source infoMozilla public licensecommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++CC
Server operating systemsIllumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
hostedLinux
macOS
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or datenoyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesyesyes infoXML type, but no XML query functionality
Secondary indexesnoall fields are automatically indexedyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetyesyes infodistributed, parallel query executionyes
APIs and other access methodsMicrosoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
ODBC
Supported programming languagesC++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Erlang
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
.Net
C
C#
C++
Objective-C
PHP
Ruby
Visual Basic
Visual Basic.NET
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Ruser defined functionsuser defined functionsyes
Triggersnoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyesyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceyes infobased on PostgreSQLhorizontal partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.yes infobased on PostgreSQL
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparknonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanonoACIDACID infoMVCC
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infowith automatic compression on writesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnoAzure Active Directory Authenticationyes infobased on PostgreSQLfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
LevelDBMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerPostGISPostgres-XLValentina Server
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