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DBMS > LevelDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. NuoDB vs. PostGIS vs. Vertica

System Properties Comparison LevelDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. NuoDB vs. PostGIS vs. Vertica

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonNuoDB  Xexclude from comparisonPostGIS  Xexclude from comparisonVertica infoOpenText™ Vertica™  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionEmbeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesFully managed big data interactive analytics platformNuoDB is a webscale distributed database that supports SQL and ACID transactionsSpatial extension of PostgreSQLCloud or off-cloud analytical database and query engine for structured and semi-structured streaming and batch data. Machine learning platform with built-in algorithms, data preparation capabilities, and model evaluation and management via SQL or Python.
Primary database modelKey-value storeRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedRelational DBMSSpatial DBMSRelational DBMS infoColumn oriented
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Relational DBMSSpatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.35
Rank#111  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score0.89
Rank#198  Overall
#92  Relational DBMS
Score22.69
Rank#29  Overall
#1  Spatial DBMS
Score10.68
Rank#43  Overall
#27  Relational DBMS
Websitegithub.com/­google/­leveldbazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerwww.3ds.com/­nuodb-distributed-sql-databasepostgis.netwww.vertica.com
Technical documentationgithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.mddocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerdoc.nuodb.compostgis.net/­documentationvertica.com/­documentation
DeveloperGoogleMicrosoftDassault Systèmes infooriginally NuoDB, Inc.OpenText infopreviously Micro Focus and Hewlett Packard
Initial release20112019201320052005
Current release1.23, February 2021cloud service with continuous releases3.4.2, February 202412.0.3, January 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoBSDcommercialcommercial infolimited edition freeOpen Source infoGPL v2.0commercial infoLimited community edition free
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono infoon-premises, all major clouds - Amazon AWS, Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud Platform and containers
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++C++CC++
Server operating systemsIllumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
hostedhosted infoAmazon EC2, Windows Azure, SoftLayer
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
Data schemeschema-freeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yesyesYes, but also semi-structure/unstructured data storage, and complex hierarchical data (like Parquet) stored and/or queried.
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or datenoyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesnoyesno
Secondary indexesnoall fields are automatically indexedyesyesNo Indexes Required. Different internal optimization strategy, but same functionality included.
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetyesyesFull 1999 standard plus machine learning, time series and geospatial. Over 650 functions.
APIs and other access methodsMicrosoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
Kafka Connector
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
Spark Connector
vSQL infocharacter-based, interactive, front-end utility
Supported programming languagesC++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, RJava, SQLuser defined functionsyes, PostgreSQL PL/pgSQL, with minor differences
Triggersnoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyesyesyes, called Custom Alerts
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicedata is dynamically stored/cached on the nodes where it is read/writtenyes infobased on PostgreSQLhorizontal partitioning, hierarchical partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.yes infoManaged transparently by NuoDByes infobased on PostgreSQLMulti-source replication infoOne, or more copies of data replicated across nodes, or object-store used for repository.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparknonono infoBi-directional Spark integration
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanonoACID infotunable commit protocolACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes infoMVCCyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infowith automatic compression on writesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes infoTemporary tablenono
User concepts infoAccess controlnoAzure Active Directory AuthenticationStandard SQL roles/ privileges, Administrative Usersyes infobased on PostgreSQLfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard; supports Kerberos, LDAP, Ident and hash
More information provided by the system vendor
LevelDBMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerNuoDBPostGISVertica infoOpenText™ Vertica™
Specific characteristicsDeploy-anywhere database for large-scale analytical deployments. Deploy off-cloud,...
» more
Competitive advantagesFast, scalable, and capable of high concurrency. Separation of compute/storage leverages...
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Typical application scenariosCommunication and network analytics, Embedded analytics, Fraud monitoring and Risk...
» more
Key customersAbiba Systems, Adform, adMarketplace, AmeriPride, Anritsu, AOL, Avito, Auckland Transport,...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsCost-based models and subscription-based models are both available. One license is...
» more

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LevelDBMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerNuoDBPostGISVertica infoOpenText™ Vertica™
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