DBMS > LevelDB vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. TypeDB vs. XTDB vs. YugabyteDB

System Properties Comparison LevelDB vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. TypeDB vs. XTDB vs. YugabyteDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string values

Globally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database service

TypeDB is a strongly-typed database with a rich and logical type system and TypeQL as its query language

A general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries

High-performance distributed SQL database for global, internet-scale applications. Wire and feature compatible with PostgreSQL.

Primary database model

Key-value store

Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store

Graph DBMS
Relational DBMS

Often described as a 'hyper-relational' database, since it implements the 'Entity-Relationship Paradigm' to manage complex data structures and ontologies.

Document store

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

Document store
Wide column store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.25
Rank	#115	Overall
	#19	Key-value stores

Score	27.71
Rank	#27	Overall
	#4	Document stores
	#2	Graph DBMS
	#3	Key-value stores
	#3	Wide column stores

Score	0.70
Rank	#230	Overall
	#20	Graph DBMS
	#106	Relational DBMS

Score	0.18
Rank	#332	Overall
	#46	Document stores

Score	2.63
Rank	#109	Overall
	#53	Relational DBMS

Website

github.com/google/leveldb

azure.microsoft.com/services/cosmos-db

typedb.com

github.com/xtdb/xtdb
www.xtdb.com

www.yugabyte.com

Technical documentation

github.com/google/leveldb/blob/main/doc/index.md

learn.microsoft.com/azure/cosmos-db

typedb.com/docs

www.xtdb.com/docs

docs.yugabyte.com
github.com/yugabyte/yugabyte-db

Developer

Google

Microsoft

Vaticle

Juxt Ltd.

Yugabyte Inc.

Initial release

2011

2014

2016

2019

2017

Current release

1.23, February 2021

2.26.3, January 2024

1.19, September 2021

2.19, September 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

BSD

commercial

Open Source

GPL Version 3, commercial licenses available

Open Source

MIT License

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

YugabyteDB Managed is the fully managed database-as-a-service offering of YugabyteDB. Get started quickly, and effortlessly ensure continuous availability and limitless scale of your cloud native applications.

Implementation language

C++

Java

Clojure

C and C++

Server operating systems

Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows

hosted

Linux
OS X
Windows

All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux

Linux
OS X

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

schema-free

depending on used data model

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

JSON types

yes

yes, extensible-data-notation format

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

All properties auto-indexed by default

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like query language

limited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite

yes, PostgreSQL compatible

APIs and other access methods

DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API

gRPC protocol
TypeDB Console (shell)
TypeDB Studio (Visualisation software- previously TypeDB Workbase)

HTTP REST
JDBC

JDBC
YCQL, an SQL-based flexible-schema API with its roots in Cassandra Query Language
YSQL - a fully relational SQL API that is wire compatible with the SQL language in PostgreSQL

Supported programming languages

C++
Go
Java

3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Python

3rd party binding

.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python

All JVM based languages
Groovy
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Scala

Clojure
Java

C
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust
Scala

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

JavaScript

yes

sql, plpgsql, C

Triggers

JavaScript

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

Sharding

by using Cassandra

none

Hash and Range Sharding, row-level geo-partitioning

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

none

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service

Multi-source replication

by using Cassandra

yes, each node contains all data

Based on Raft distributed consensus protocol, minimum 3 replicas for continuous availability

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

with Hadoop integration

Integration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*

yes

by using Apache Kafka and Apache Zookeeper

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Bounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Consistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Strong consistency on writes and tunable consistency on reads

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

substituted by the relationship feature

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

Multi-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partition

ACID

Distributed ACID with Serializable & Snapshot Isolation. Inspired by Google Spanner architecture.

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

with automatic compression on writes

yes

yes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB

yes

based on RocksDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

User concepts

Access control

Access rights can be defined down to the item level

yes

at REST API level; other APIs in progress

yes

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

TypeDB is a polymorphic database with a conceptual data model, a strong subtyping...
» more

YugabyteDB is an open source distributed SQL database for cloud native transactional...
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Competitive advantages

TypeDB provides a new level of expressivity, extensibility, interoperability, and...
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PostgreSQL compatible: Get instantly productive with a PostgreSQL compatible RDBMS....
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Typical application scenarios

Life sciences : TypeDB makes working with biological data much easier and accelerates...
» more

Systems of record and engagement for cloud native applications that require resilience,...
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Market metrics

2 Million+ lifetime clusters deployed, 6.5K+ GitHub stars, 7K YugabyteDB Community...
» more

Licensing and pricing models

Apache f or language drivers, and AGPL and Commercial for the database server. The...
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Apache 2.0 license for the database
» more

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