DBMS > LevelDB vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. QuestDB vs. UniData,UniVerse vs. YugabyteDB

System Properties Comparison LevelDB vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. QuestDB vs. UniData,UniVerse vs. YugabyteDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string values

Globally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database service

A high performance open source SQL database for time series data

MultiValue database and application server with SQL mapping layer and meta database capabilities

High-performance distributed SQL database for global, internet-scale applications. Wire and feature compatible with PostgreSQL.

Primary database model

Key-value store

Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store

Time Series DBMS

Multivalue DBMS

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

Relational DBMS

Document store
Wide column store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.35
Rank	#111	Overall
	#19	Key-value stores

Score	29.04
Rank	#27	Overall
	#4	Document stores
	#2	Graph DBMS
	#3	Key-value stores
	#3	Wide column stores

Score	2.52
Rank	#109	Overall
	#9	Time Series DBMS

Score	3.16
Rank	#97	Overall
	#2	Multivalue DBMS

Score	2.91
Rank	#102	Overall
	#51	Relational DBMS

Website

github.com/google/leveldb

azure.microsoft.com/services/cosmos-db

questdb.io

www.rocketsoftware.com/products/rocket-multivalue-application-development-platform/rocket-unidata

www.yugabyte.com

Technical documentation

github.com/google/leveldb/blob/main/doc/index.md

learn.microsoft.com/azure/cosmos-db

questdb.io/docs

docs.rocketsoftware.com/bundle?cluster=true&labelkey=unidata&labelkey=prod_unidata

docs.yugabyte.com
github.com/yugabyte/yugabyte-db

Developer

Google

Microsoft

QuestDB Technology Inc

Rocket Software

Yugabyte Inc.

Initial release

2011

2014

1985

2017

Current release

1.23, February 2021

2.19, September 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

BSD

commercial

Open Source

Apache 2.0

commercial

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

YugabyteDB Managed is the fully managed database-as-a-service offering of YugabyteDB. Get started quickly, and effortlessly ensure continuous availability and limitless scale of your cloud native applications.

Implementation language

C++

Java (Zero-GC), C++, Rust

C and C++

Server operating systems

Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows

hosted

Linux
macOS
Windows

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows

Linux
OS X

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

schema-free via InfluxDB Line Protocol

schema-free

depending on used data model

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

JSON types

yes

optional

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

All properties auto-indexed by default

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like query language

SQL with time-series extensions

yes

yes, PostgreSQL compatible

APIs and other access methods

DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API

HTTP REST
InfluxDB Line Protocol (TCP/UDP)
JDBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol

Java API

JPA
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Proprietary protocol
RESTful HTTP API
SOAP-based API

JDBC
YCQL, an SQL-based flexible-schema API with its roots in Cassandra Query Language
YSQL - a fully relational SQL API that is wire compatible with the SQL language in PostgreSQL

Supported programming languages

C++
Go
Java

3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Python

3rd party binding

.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python

PostgreSQL driver
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Rust

over HTTP

.Net
Basic

U2 Basic
C
Java

C
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust
Scala

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

JavaScript

yes

sql, plpgsql, C

Triggers

JavaScript

yes

U2 Basic

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

horizontal partitioning (by timestamps)

none

Hash and Range Sharding, row-level geo-partitioning

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

none

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service

Source-replica replication with eventual consistency

Source-replica replication

Based on Raft distributed consensus protocol, minimum 3 replicas for continuous availability

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

with Hadoop integration

Integration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Bounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Consistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Strong consistency on writes and tunable consistency on reads

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

Multi-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partition

ACID for single-table writes

ACID

configurable

Distributed ACID with Serializable & Snapshot Isolation. Inspired by Google Spanner architecture.

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

with automatic compression on writes

yes

based on RocksDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

through memory mapped files

User concepts

Access control

Access rights can be defined down to the item level

Access rights according to SQL-standard and operating system based

yes

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Relational model with native time series support Column-based storage and time partitioned...
» more

YugabyteDB is an open source distributed SQL database for cloud native transactional...
» more

Competitive advantages

High ingestion throughput: peak of 4M rows/sec (TSBS Benchmark) Code optimizations...
» more

PostgreSQL compatible: Get instantly productive with a PostgreSQL compatible RDBMS....
» more

Typical application scenarios

Financial tick data Industrial IoT Application Metrics Monitoring
» more

Systems of record and engagement for cloud native applications that require resilience,...
» more

Key customers

Banks & Hedge funds, Yahoo, OKX, Airbus, Aquis Exchange, Net App, Cloudera, Airtel,...
» more

Market metrics

2 Million+ lifetime clusters deployed, 6.5K+ GitHub stars, 7K YugabyteDB Community...
» more

Licensing and pricing models

Open source Apache 2.0 QuestDB Enterprise QuestDB Cloud
» more

Apache 2.0 license for the database
» more

News

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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.