DBMS > dBASE vs. etcd vs. LevelDB vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. OpenEdge

System Properties Comparison dBASE vs. etcd vs. LevelDB vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. OpenEdge

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

dBase was one of the first databases with a development environment on PC's. Its latest version dBase V is still sold as dBase classic, which needs a DOS Emulation. The up-to-date product is dBase plus.

A distributed reliable key-value store

Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string values

Globally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database service

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Key-value store

Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	10.34
Rank	#44	Overall
	#28	Relational DBMS

Score	7.25
Rank	#54	Overall
	#5	Key-value stores

Score	2.35
Rank	#111	Overall
	#19	Key-value stores

Score	29.04
Rank	#27	Overall
	#4	Document stores
	#2	Graph DBMS
	#3	Key-value stores
	#3	Wide column stores

Score	3.51
Rank	#86	Overall
	#46	Relational DBMS

Website

www.dbase.com

etcd.io
github.com/etcd-io/etcd

github.com/google/leveldb

azure.microsoft.com/services/cosmos-db

www.progress.com/openedge

Technical documentation

www.dbase.com/support/knowledgebase

etcd.io/docs
github.com/etcd-io/etcd/tree/master/Documentation

github.com/google/leveldb/blob/main/doc/index.md

learn.microsoft.com/azure/cosmos-db

documentation.progress.com/output/ua/OpenEdge_latest

Developer

Asthon Tate

Google

Microsoft

Progress Software Corporation

Initial release

1979

2011

2014

1984

Current release

dBASE 2019, 2019

3.4, August 2019

1.23, February 2021

OpenEdge 12.2, March 2020

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

BSD

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

C++

Server operating systems

DOS

dBase Classic
Windows

dBase Pro

FreeBSD
Linux
Windows

experimental

Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows

hosted

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

JSON types

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

All properties auto-indexed by default

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like query language

yes

close to SQL 92

APIs and other access methods

none

The IDE can access other DBMS or ODBC-sources.

gRPC
JSON over HTTP

DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API

JDBC
ODBC

Supported programming languages

dBase proprietary IDE

.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Tcl

C++
Go
Java

3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Python

3rd party binding

.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python

Progress proprietary ABL (Advanced Business Language)

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

The IDE can access stored procedures in other database systems.

JavaScript

yes

Triggers

yes, watching key changes

JavaScript

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

horizontal partitioning

since Version 11.4

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

none

Using Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.

none

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service

Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

with Hadoop integration

Integration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Bounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Consistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

not for dBase internal data, but IDE does support transactions when accessing external DBMS

Multi-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partition

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

with automatic compression on writes

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users and roles

Access rights can be defined down to the item level

Users and groups

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