DBMS > LevelDB vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. NebulaGraph vs. NuoDB vs. Percona Server for MySQL

System Properties Comparison LevelDB vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. NebulaGraph vs. NuoDB vs. Percona Server for MySQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string values

Globally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database service

A distributed, linear scalable, high perfomant Graph DBMS

NuoDB is a webscale distributed database that supports SQL and ACID transactions

Enhanced drop-in replacement for MySQL based on XtraDB or TokuDB storage engines with improved performance and additional diagnostic and management features.

Primary database model

Key-value store

Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store

Graph DBMS

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.25
Rank	#115	Overall
	#19	Key-value stores

Score	27.71
Rank	#27	Overall
	#4	Document stores
	#2	Graph DBMS
	#3	Key-value stores
	#3	Wide column stores

Score	2.23
Rank	#116	Overall
	#10	Graph DBMS

Score	0.94
Rank	#197	Overall
	#92	Relational DBMS

Score	2.10
Rank	#119	Overall
	#57	Relational DBMS

Website

github.com/google/leveldb

azure.microsoft.com/services/cosmos-db

github.com/vesoft-inc/nebula
www.nebula-graph.io

www.3ds.com/nuodb-distributed-sql-database

www.percona.com/software/mysql-database/percona-server

Technical documentation

github.com/google/leveldb/blob/main/doc/index.md

learn.microsoft.com/azure/cosmos-db

docs.nebula-graph.io

doc.nuodb.com

www.percona.com/downloads/Percona-Server-LATEST

Developer

Google

Microsoft

Vesoft Inc.

Dassault Systèmes

originally NuoDB, Inc.

Percona

Initial release

2011

2014

2019

2013

2008

Current release

1.23, February 2021

8.0.36-28, 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

BSD

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0 + Common Clause 1.0

commercial

limited edition free

Open Source

GPL version 2

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

C and C++

Server operating systems

Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows

hosted

Linux

hosted

Amazon EC2, Windows Azure, SoftLayer
Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux

Data scheme

schema-free

Strong typed schema

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

JSON types

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

All properties auto-indexed by default

yes

Nebula Graph internally uses the Key-Value store RocksDB for persistency. The vertices, edges, and their properties are stored as Key while their values are stored as Value. The primary indexes are per Key and secondary indexes are per Value.

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like query language

yes

APIs and other access methods

DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API

Browser interface
console (shell)
Cypher Query Language
GO Object Graph Mapper
Java Object Graph Mapper
NGBatis

ORM framework for NebulaGraph and Spring-Boot
Proprietary native API
Python Object Graph Mapper
Query language nGQL

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

Supported programming languages

C++
Go
Java

3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Python

3rd party binding

.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python

.Net
C++
Go
Java
PHP
Python

.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

JavaScript

user defined functions

Java, SQL

yes

Triggers

JavaScript

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

Sharding

data is dynamically stored/cached on the nodes where it is read/written

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

none

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service

Causal Clustering using Raft protocol

yes

Managed transparently by NuoDB

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
XtraDB Cluster

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

with Hadoop integration

Integration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Bounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Consistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Relationships in graphs

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

Multi-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partition

ACID

tunable commit protocol

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

MVCC

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

with automatic compression on writes

yes

using RocksDB

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

Temporary table

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights can be defined down to the item level

Role-based access control

Standard SQL roles/ privileges, Administrative Users

Users with fine-grained authorization concept

no user groups or roles

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

NebulaGraph is a truly distributed, linearly scalable, lightning-fast graph database,...
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Competitive advantages

NebulaGraph boasts the world's only graph database solution that is able to host...
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Typical application scenarios

Social networking Fraud detection Knowledge graph Data warehouse management Anti...
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Key customers

Companies from a variety of industries have implemented NebulaGraph Database in production,...
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Market metrics

At our very early stage, NebulaGraph has already received over 10,000 stars on GitHub...
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Licensing and pricing models

NebulaGraph is open source and free to use under Apache 2.0 license.
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