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DBMS > LevelDB vs. Lovefield vs. Microsoft Access vs. RDFox vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison LevelDB vs. Lovefield vs. Microsoft Access vs. RDFox vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonLovefield  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Access  Xexclude from comparisonRDFox  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionEmbeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesEmbeddable relational database for web apps written in pure JavaScriptMicrosoft Access combines a backend RDBMS (JET / ACE Engine) with a GUI frontend for data manipulation and queries. infoThe Access frontend is often used for accessing other datasources (DBMS, Excel, etc.)High performance knowledge graph and semantic reasoning engineA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelKey-value storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Document store
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.35
Rank#111  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Score0.29
Rank#293  Overall
#133  Relational DBMS
Score104.92
Rank#11  Overall
#8  Relational DBMS
Score0.23
Rank#308  Overall
#25  Graph DBMS
#14  RDF stores
Websitegithub.com/­google/­leveldbgoogle.github.io/­lovefieldwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­microsoft-365/­accesswww.oxfordsemantic.techgithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationgithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.mdgithub.com/­google/­lovefield/­blob/­master/­docs/­spec_index.mddeveloper.microsoft.com/­en-us/­accessdocs.oxfordsemantic.tech
DeveloperGoogleGoogleMicrosoftOxford Semantic Technologies8Kdata
Initial release20112014199220172016
Current release1.23, February 20212.1.12, February 20171902 (16.0.11328.20222), March 20196.0, Septermber 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoApache 2.0commercial infoBundled with Microsoft OfficecommercialOpen Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++JavaScriptC++C++Java
Server operating systemsIllumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js) infotested with Chrome, Firefox, IE, SafariWindows infoNot a real database server, but making use of DLLsLinux
macOS
Windows
All OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeschema-freeyesyesyes infoRDF schemasschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or datenoyesyesyesyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonono
Secondary indexesnoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoSQL-like query language infovia JavaScript builder patternyes infobut not compliant to any SQL standardno
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
DAO
ODBC
OLE DB
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL 1.1
Supported programming languagesC++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
JavaScriptC
C#
C++
Delphi
Java (JDBC-ODBC)
VBA
Visual Basic.NET
C
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoyes infosince Access 2010 using the ACE-engine
TriggersnoUsing read-only observersyes infosince Access 2010 using the ACE-engineno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenonenoneSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnonenonenonereplication via a shared file systemSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency in stand-alone mode, Eventual Consistency in replicated setupsEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACID infobut no files for transaction loggingACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infowith automatic compression on writesyes, by using IndexedDB or the cloud service Firebase Realtime Databaseyes infobut no files for transaction loggingyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yes infousing MemoryDByes
User concepts infoAccess controlnonono infoa simple user-level security was built in till version Access 2003Roles, resources, and access typesAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
LevelDBLovefieldMicrosoft AccessRDFoxToroDB
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