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DBMS > LMDB vs. Lovefield vs. SQLite vs. Stardog vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison LMDB vs. Lovefield vs. SQLite vs. Stardog vs. XTDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameLMDB  Xexclude from comparisonLovefield  Xexclude from comparisonSQLite  Xexclude from comparisonStardog  Xexclude from comparisonXTDB infoformerly named Crux  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA high performant, light-weight, embedded key-value database libraryEmbeddable relational database for web apps written in pure JavaScriptWidely used embeddable, in-process RDBMSEnterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualizationA general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries
Primary database modelKey-value storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Document store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.99
Rank#125  Overall
#21  Key-value stores
Score0.29
Rank#293  Overall
#133  Relational DBMS
Score114.32
Rank#10  Overall
#7  Relational DBMS
Score2.02
Rank#123  Overall
#11  Graph DBMS
#6  RDF stores
Score0.11
Rank#343  Overall
#46  Document stores
Websitewww.symas.com/­symas-embedded-database-lmdbgoogle.github.io/­lovefieldwww.sqlite.orgwww.stardog.comgithub.com/­xtdb/­xtdb
www.xtdb.com
Technical documentationwww.lmdb.tech/­docgithub.com/­google/­lovefield/­blob/­master/­docs/­spec_index.mdwww.sqlite.org/­docs.htmldocs.stardog.comwww.xtdb.com/­docs
DeveloperSymasGoogleDwayne Richard HippStardog-UnionJuxt Ltd.
Initial release20112014200020102019
Current release0.9.32, January 20242.1.12, February 20173.45.3  (15 April 2024), April 20247.3.0, May 20201.19, September 2021
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoPublic Domaincommercial info60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/studentsOpen Source infoMIT License
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageCJavaScriptCJavaClojure
Server operating systemsLinux
Unix
Windows
server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js) infotested with Chrome, Firefox, IE, Safariserver-lessLinux
macOS
Windows
All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux
Data schemeschema-freeyesyes infodynamic column typesschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema supportschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes infonot rigid because of 'dynamic typing' concept.yesyes, extensible-data-notation format
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono infoImport/export of XML data possibleno
Secondary indexesnoyesyesyes infosupports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatialyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoSQL-like query language infovia JavaScript builder patternyes infoSQL-92 is not fully supportedYes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Serverlimited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET infoinofficial driver
JDBC infoinofficial driver
ODBC infoinofficial driver
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3
HTTP REST
JDBC
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Nim
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Swift
Tcl
JavaScriptActionscript
Ada
Basic
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Forth
Fortran
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Scheme
Smalltalk
Tcl
.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby
Clojure
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnononouser defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Javano
TriggersnoUsing read-only observersyesyes infovia event handlersno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenonenonenonenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnonenonenoneMulti-source replication in HA-Clusteryes, each node contains all data
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency in HA-Cluster
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyesyes inforelationships in graphsno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes infovia file-system locksyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes, by using IndexedDB or the cloud service Firebase Realtime Databaseyesyesyes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyes infousing MemoryDByesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnononoAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
LMDBLovefieldSQLiteStardogXTDB infoformerly named Crux
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