DBMS > LMDB vs. Lovefield vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. RDFox vs. SpaceTime

System Properties Comparison LMDB vs. Lovefield vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. RDFox vs. SpaceTime

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

A high performant, light-weight, embedded key-value database library

Embeddable relational database for web apps written in pure JavaScript

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

High performance knowledge graph and semantic reasoning engine

SpaceTime is a spatio-temporal DBMS with a focus on performance.

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	1.99
Rank	#125	Overall
	#21	Key-value stores

Score	0.29
Rank	#293	Overall
	#133	Relational DBMS

Score	824.29
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	0.23
Rank	#308	Overall
	#25	Graph DBMS
	#14	RDF stores

Score	0.00
Rank	#383	Overall
	#7	Spatial DBMS

Website

www.symas.com/symas-embedded-database-lmdb

google.github.io/lovefield

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

www.oxfordsemantic.tech

www.mireo.com/spacetime

Technical documentation

www.lmdb.tech/doc

github.com/google/lovefield/blob/master/docs/spec_index.md

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

docs.oxfordsemantic.tech

Developer

Symas

Google

Microsoft

Oxford Semantic Technologies

Mireo

Initial release

2011

2014

1989

2017

2020

Current release

0.9.32, January 2024

2.1.12, February 2017

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

6.0, Septermber 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache 2.0

commercial

restricted free version is available

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

JavaScript

C++

Server operating systems

Linux
Unix
Windows

server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)

tested with Chrome, Firefox, IE, Safari

Linux
Windows

Linux
macOS
Windows

Linux

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

RDF schemas

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like query language

via JavaScript builder pattern

yes

A subset of ANSI SQL is implemented

APIs and other access methods

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL 1.1

RESTful HTTP API

Supported programming languages

.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Nim
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Swift
Tcl

JavaScript

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

C
Java

C#
C++
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

Triggers

Using read-only observers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

Fixed-grid hypercubes

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

none

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

replication via a shared file system

Real-time block device replication (DRBD)

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode, Eventual Consistency in replicated setups

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

yes, by using IndexedDB or the cloud service Firebase Realtime Database

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

using MemoryDB

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Roles, resources, and access types

yes

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