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DBMS > Kingbase vs. LevelDB vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. Titan

System Properties Comparison Kingbase vs. LevelDB vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. Titan

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameKingbase  Xexclude from comparisonLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparisonTitan  Xexclude from comparison
Titan has been decommisioned after the takeover by Datastax. It will be removed from the DB-Engines ranking. A fork has been open-sourced as JanusGraph.
DescriptionAn enterprise-class RDBMS compatible with PostgreSQL and Oracle and widely used in China.Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesElastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL ServerTitan is a Graph DBMS optimized for distributed clusters.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score0.45
Rank#262  Overall
#123  Relational DBMS
Score2.35
Rank#111  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Score20.56
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.kingbase.com.cngithub.com/­google/­leveldbazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analyticsgithub.com/­thinkaurelius/­titan
Technical documentationgithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.mddocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analyticsgithub.com/­thinkaurelius/­titan/­wiki
DeveloperBeiJing KINGBASE Information technologies inc.GoogleMicrosoftAurelius, owned by DataStax
Initial release1999201120162012
Current releaseV8.0, August 20211.23, February 2021
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoBSDcommercialOpen Source infoApache license, version 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC and JavaC++C++Java
Server operating systemsLinux
Windows
Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
hostedLinux
OS X
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnono
Secondary indexesyesnoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLStandard with numerous extensionsnoyesno
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
gokb
JDBC
kdbndp
ODBC
PDI
PDO
Pro*C
psycopg2
QT
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Java API
TinkerPop Blueprints
TinkerPop Frames
TinkerPop Gremlin
TinkerPop Rexster
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
C++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
C#
Java
PHP
Clojure
Java
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functionsnoTransact SQLyes
Triggersyesnonoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeshorizontal partitioning (by range, list and hash) and vertical partitioningnoneSharding, horizontal partitioningyes infovia pluggable storage backends
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesnoneyesyes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononoyes infovia Faunus, a graph analytics engine
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnono infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraintsyes infoRelationships in graph
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infowith automatic compression on writesyesyes infoSupports various storage backends: Cassandra, HBase, Berkeley DB, Akiban, Hazelcast
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnoyesUser authentification and security via Rexster Graph Server

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More resources
KingbaseLevelDBMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehouseTitan
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