DBMS > Kdb vs. MySQL vs. OrientDB vs. Spark SQL vs. TiDB

System Properties Comparison Kdb vs. MySQL vs. OrientDB vs. Spark SQL vs. TiDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Widely used open source RDBMS

Multi-model DBMS (Document, Graph, Key/Value)

Spark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processing

TiDB is an open source distributed SQL database that supports Hybrid Transactional/Analytical Processing (HTAP) workloads. It is MySQL compatible and features horizontal scalability, strong consistency, and high availability.

Primary database model

Time Series DBMS
Vector DBMS

Relational DBMS

Key/Value like access via memcached API

Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Relational DBMS

Document store
Spatial DBMS

Document store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	7.55
Rank	#53	Overall
	#3	Time Series DBMS
	#1	Vector DBMS

Score	1083.74
Rank	#2	Overall
	#2	Relational DBMS

Score	3.19
Rank	#93	Overall
	#16	Document stores
	#7	Graph DBMS
	#14	Key-value stores

Score	18.96
Rank	#33	Overall
	#20	Relational DBMS

Score	4.66
Rank	#70	Overall
	#38	Relational DBMS

Website

Technical documentation

code.kx.com

dev.mysql.com/doc

www.orientdb.com/docs/last/index.html

spark.apache.org/docs/latest/sql-programming-guide.html

docs.pingcap.com/tidb/stable

Developer

Kx Systems, a division of First Derivatives plc

Oracle

since 2010, originally MySQL AB, then Sun

OrientDB LTD; CallidusCloud; SAP

Apache Software Foundation

PingCAP, Inc.

Initial release

2000

kdb was released 2000, kdb+ in 2003

1995

2010

2014

2016

Current release

3.6, May 2018

8.4.0, April 2024

3.2.29, March 2024

3.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023

8.0.0, March 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

free 32-bit version

Open Source

GPL version 2. Commercial licenses with extended functionallity are available

Open Source

Apache version 2

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Aiven for MySQL: Fully managed MySQL, deployable in the cloud of your choice, with seamless integrations and lightning-fast setup.

TiDB Cloud: Fully-managed TiDB Service. Bring everything great about TiDB to the cloud.

Implementation language

C and C++

Java

Scala

Go, Rust

Server operating systems

Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

FreeBSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

All OS with a Java JDK (>= JDK 6)

Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

Schema can be enforced for whole record ("schema-full") or for some fields only ("schema-hybrid")

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

table attribute 'grouped'

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like query language (q)

yes

with proprietary extensions

SQL-like query language, no joins

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

yes

APIs and other access methods

HTTP API
JDBC
Jupyter
Kafka
ODBC
WebSocket

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary native API

Tinkerpop technology stack with Blueprints, Gremlin, Pipes
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

JDBC
ODBC

GORM
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary protocol
SQLAlchemy

Supported programming languages

C
C#
C++
Go
J
Java
JavaScript
Lua
MatLab
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Scala

Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl

.Net
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

Java
Python
R
Scala

Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

yes

proprietary syntax

Java, Javascript

Triggers

yes

with views

yes

Hooks

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

horizontal partitioning

horizontal partitioning, sharding with MySQL Cluster or MySQL Fabric

Sharding

yes, utilizing Spark Core

horizontal partitioning (by key range)

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Source-replica replication

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

Multi-source replication

none

Using Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

similar paradigm used for internal processing

could be achieved with distributed queries

yes

with TiSpark Connector

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

not for MyISAM storage engine

yes

relationship in graphs

yes

full support since version 6.6

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

not for MyISAM storage engine

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

table locks or row locks depending on storage engine

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

rights management via user accounts

Users with fine-grained authorization concept

no user groups or roles

Access rights for users and roles; record level security configurable

Fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Integrated columnar database & programming system for streaming, real time and historical...
» more

TiDB is an advanced open-source, distributed SQL database for modern application...
» more

Competitive advantages

provides seamless scalability; runs on industry standard server platforms; is top-ranked...
» more

- HORIZONTAL SCALING : TiDB grants total transparency into your data workloads without...
» more

Typical application scenarios

tick database streaming sensor data massive intelligence applications oil and gas...
» more

TiDB is ideal for transactional applications that require extreme scalability and...
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Key customers

Goldman Sachs Morgan Stanley Merrill Lynch J.P. Morgan Deutsche Bank IEX Securities...
» more

Block, Pinterest, Catalyst, Bolt, Flipkart, Capcom, Shopee (E-commerce), JD Cloud...
» more

Market metrics

kdb+ performance and reliability proven by our customers in critical infrastructure...
» more

34K+ GitHub stars 5K+ members in TiDB Community Slack 1K+ community contributors...
» more

Licensing and pricing models

upon request
» more

TiDB Community : Free open source software (Apache 2.0) TiDB Self-Hosted : Enterprise...
» more

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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.