DBMS > Kdb vs. LevelDB vs. MaxDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. RDF4J

System Properties Comparison Kdb vs. LevelDB vs. MaxDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. RDF4J

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

High performance Time Series DBMS

Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string values

A robust and reliable RDBMS optimized to run all major SAP solutions

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

RDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.

Primary database model

Time Series DBMS
Vector DBMS

Key-value store

Relational DBMS

RDF store

Secondary database models

Relational DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	7.55
Rank	#53	Overall
	#3	Time Series DBMS
	#1	Vector DBMS

Score	2.35
Rank	#111	Overall
	#19	Key-value stores

Score	2.32
Rank	#112	Overall
	#55	Relational DBMS

Score	824.29
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	0.69
Rank	#230	Overall
	#9	RDF stores

Website

kx.com

github.com/google/leveldb

maxdb.sap.com

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

rdf4j.org

Technical documentation

code.kx.com

github.com/google/leveldb/blob/main/doc/index.md

maxdb.sap.com/documentation

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

rdf4j.org/documentation

Developer

Kx Systems, a division of First Derivatives plc

Google

SAP, acquired from Software AG (Adabas-D) in 1997

Microsoft

Since 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.

Initial release

2000

kdb was released 2000, kdb+ in 2003

2011

1984

1989

2004

Current release

3.6, May 2018

1.23, February 2021

7.9.10.12, February 2024

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

free 32-bit version

Open Source

BSD

commercial

Limited community edition free

commercial

restricted free version is available

Open Source

Eclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

C++

Java

Server operating systems

Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows

Linux
Windows

Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

RDF Schemas

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

table attribute 'grouped'

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like query language (q)

yes

APIs and other access methods

HTTP API
JDBC
Jupyter
Kafka
ODBC
WebSocket

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
WebDAV

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

Java API
RIO

RDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL

Sesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL

Supported programming languages

C
C#
C++
Go
J
Java
JavaScript
Lua
MatLab
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Scala

C++
Go
Java

3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Python

3rd party binding

.Net
C#
Java
Perl
PHP
Python

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

Java
PHP
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

yes

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

yes

Triggers

yes

with views

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

horizontal partitioning

none

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Source-replica replication

none

Source-replica replication

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

similar paradigm used for internal processing

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Isolation support depends on the API used

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

with automatic compression on writes

yes

in-memory storage is supported as well

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

rights management via user accounts

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Integrated columnar database & programming system for streaming, real time and historical...
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Competitive advantages

provides seamless scalability; runs on industry standard server platforms; is top-ranked...
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Typical application scenarios

tick database streaming sensor data massive intelligence applications oil and gas...
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Key customers

Goldman Sachs Morgan Stanley Merrill Lynch J.P. Morgan Deutsche Bank IEX Securities...
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Market metrics

kdb+ performance and reliability proven by our customers in critical infrastructure...
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Licensing and pricing models

upon request
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