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DBMS > KairosDB vs. LevelDB vs. MarkLogic vs. Microsoft Azure Table Storage vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison KairosDB vs. LevelDB vs. MarkLogic vs. Microsoft Azure Table Storage vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameKairosDB  Xexclude from comparisonLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonMarkLogic  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Table Storage  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionDistributed Time Series DBMS based on Cassandra or H2Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesOperational and transactional Enterprise NoSQL databaseA Wide Column Store for rapid development using massive semi-structured datasetsVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelTime Series DBMSKey-value storeDocument store
Native XML DBMS
RDF store infoas of version 7
Search engine
Wide column storeDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score0.62
Rank#239  Overall
#20  Time Series DBMS
Score2.35
Rank#111  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Score5.92
Rank#58  Overall
#10  Document stores
#1  Native XML DBMS
#1  RDF stores
#6  Search engines
Score4.48
Rank#75  Overall
#6  Wide column stores
Score4.26
Rank#78  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#42  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websitegithub.com/­kairosdb/­kairosdbgithub.com/­google/­leveldbwww.marklogic.comazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­services/­storage/­tablesvirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationkairosdb.github.iogithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.mddocs.marklogic.comdocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperGoogleMarkLogic Corp.MicrosoftOpenLink Software
Initial release20132011200120121998
Current release1.2.2, November 20181.23, February 202111.0, December 20227.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoBSDcommercial inforestricted free version is availablecommercialOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaC++C++C
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
hostedAIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeschema-freeschema-free infoSchema can be enforcedschema-freeyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesnoyes
Secondary indexesnonoyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnonoyes infoSQL92noyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsGraphite protocol
HTTP REST
Telnet API
Java API
Node.js Client API
ODBC
proprietary Optic API infoProprietary Query API, introduced with version 9
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL
WebDAV
XDBC
XQuery
XSLT
RESTful HTTP APIADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languagesJava
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
C++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonoyes infovia XQuery or JavaScriptnoyes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersnonoyesnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infobased on CassandranoneShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factor infobased on Cassandranoneyesyes infoimplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Chain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyes infovia Hadoop Connector, HDFS Direct Access and in-database MapReduce jobsnoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency infobased on Cassandra
Immediate Consistency infobased on Cassandra
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonononoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanonoACID infocan act as a resource manager in an XA/JTA transactionoptimistic lockingACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infowith automatic compression on writesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes, with Range Indexesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlsimple password-based access controlnoRole-based access control at the document and subdocument levelsAccess rights based on private key authentication or shared access signaturesFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
KairosDBLevelDBMarkLogicMicrosoft Azure Table StorageVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsVirtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesPerformance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosUsed for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersBroad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsLargest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsAvailable in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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More resources
KairosDBLevelDBMarkLogicMicrosoft Azure Table StorageVirtuoso
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