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DBMS > JanusGraph vs. RDF4J vs. Realm vs. TimescaleDB vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison JanusGraph vs. RDF4J vs. Realm vs. TimescaleDB vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameJanusGraph infosuccessor of Titan  Xexclude from comparisonRDF4J infoformerly known as Sesame  Xexclude from comparisonRealm  Xexclude from comparisonTimescaleDB  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA Graph DBMS optimized for distributed clusters infoIt was forked from the latest code base of Titan in January 2017RDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.A DBMS built for use on mobile devices that’s a fast, easy to use alternative to SQLite and Core DataA time series DBMS optimized for fast ingest and complex queries, based on PostgreSQLVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelGraph DBMSRDF storeDocument storeTime Series DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMSSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.02
Rank#125  Overall
#12  Graph DBMS
Score0.74
Rank#222  Overall
#9  RDF stores
Score7.41
Rank#52  Overall
#8  Document stores
Score4.46
Rank#71  Overall
#5  Time Series DBMS
Score4.27
Rank#73  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#39  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websitejanusgraph.orgrdf4j.orgrealm.iowww.timescale.comvirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationdocs.janusgraph.orgrdf4j.org/­documentationrealm.io/­docsdocs.timescale.comdocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperLinux Foundation; originally developed as Titan by AureliusSince 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.Realm, acquired by MongoDB in May 2019TimescaleOpenLink Software
Initial release20172004201420171998
Current release0.6.3, February 20232.15.0, May 20247.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoEclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaJavaCC
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Unix
Windows
Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows
Android
Backend: server-less
iOS
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyesyes infoRDF Schemasyesyesyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesnumerics, strings, booleans, arrays, JSON blobs, geospatial dimensions, currencies, binary data, other complex data typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnononoyes infofull PostgreSQL SQL syntaxyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsJava API
TinkerPop Blueprints
TinkerPop Frames
TinkerPop Gremlin
TinkerPop Rexster
Java API
RIO infoRDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL infoSesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languagesClojure
Java
Python
Java
PHP
Python
.Net
Java infowith Android only
Objective-C
React Native
Swift
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesyesno inforuns within the applications so server-side scripts are unnecessaryuser defined functions, PL/pgSQL, PL/Tcl, PL/Perl, PL/Python, PL/Java, PL/PHP, PL/R, PL/Ruby, PL/Scheme, PL/Unix shellyes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersyesyesyes infoChange Listenersyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesyes infodepending on the used storage backend (e.g. Cassandra, HBase, BerkeleyDB)nonenoneyes, across time and space (hash partitioning) attributesyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesnonenoneSource-replica replication with hot standby and reads on replicas infoChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infovia Faunus, a graph analytics enginenononoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoRelationships in graphsnoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID infoIsolation support depends on the API usedACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infoSupports various storage backends: Cassandra, HBase, Berkeley DB, Akiban, Hazelcastyes infoin-memory storage is supported as wellyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yes infoIn-Memory realmnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUser authentification and security via Rexster Graph Servernoyesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
JanusGraph infosuccessor of TitanRDF4J infoformerly known as SesameRealmTimescaleDBVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsVirtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesPerformance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosUsed for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersBroad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsLargest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsAvailable in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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More resources
JanusGraph infosuccessor of TitanRDF4J infoformerly known as SesameRealmTimescaleDBVirtuoso
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