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DBMS > etcd vs. InterSystems IRIS vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. PostgreSQL

System Properties Comparison etcd vs. InterSystems IRIS vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. PostgreSQL

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Nameetcd  Xexclude from comparisonInterSystems IRIS  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA distributed reliable key-value storeA containerised multi-model DBMS, interoperability and analytics data platform with wide capabilities for vertical and horizontal scalabilityFully managed big data interactive analytics platformWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL
Primary database modelKey-value storeDocument store
Key-value store
Object oriented DBMS
Relational DBMS
Relational DBMS infocolumn orientedRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score7.25
Rank#54  Overall
#5  Key-value stores
Score4.05
Rank#83  Overall
#14  Document stores
#10  Key-value stores
#1  Object oriented DBMS
#45  Relational DBMS
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Websiteetcd.io
github.com/­etcd-io/­etcd
www.intersystems.com/­products/­intersystems-irisazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerwww.postgresql.org
Technical documentationetcd.io/­docs
github.com/­etcd-io/­etcd/­tree/­master/­Documentation
docs.intersystems.com/­irislatest/­csp/­docbook/­DocBook.UI.Page.clsdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerwww.postgresql.org/­docs
DeveloperInterSystemsMicrosoftPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developer
Initial release201820191989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL
Current release3.4, August 20192023.3, June 2023cloud service with continuous releases16.3, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0commercialcommercialOpen Source infoBSD
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageGoC
Server operating systemsFreeBSD
Linux
Windows infoexperimental
AIX
Linux
macOS
Ubuntu
Windows
hostedFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Data schemeschema-freedepending on used data modelFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or datenoyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesyesyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesnoyesall fields are automatically indexedyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyesKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetyes infostandard with numerous extensions
APIs and other access methodsgRPC
JSON over HTTP
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Tcl
.Net
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyesYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Ruser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
Triggersyes, watching key changesyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicepartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesUsing Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.Source-replica replicationyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Source-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensions
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnono
User concepts infoAccess controlnoyesAzure Active Directory Authenticationfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
etcdInterSystems IRISMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerPostgreSQL
Specific characteristicsInterSystems IRIS is a complete cloud-first data platform which includes a multi-model...
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