DBMS > Ingres vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Oracle Rdb vs. TerminusDB

System Properties Comparison Ingres vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Oracle Rdb vs. TerminusDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Well established RDBMS

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

Scalable Graph Database platform making enterprise data available by exploiting inferred entities and relationships

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

Document store
RDF store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	3.63
Rank	#79	Overall
	#43	Relational DBMS

Score	807.76
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	1.04
Rank	#184	Overall
	#84	Relational DBMS

Score	0.19
Rank	#311	Overall
	#27	Graph DBMS

Website

www.actian.com/databases/ingres

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

www.oracle.com/database/technologies/related/rdb.html

terminusdb.com

Technical documentation

docs.actian.com/ingres

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

www.oracle.com/database/technologies/related/rdb-doc.html

terminusdb.github.io/terminusdb/#

Developer

Actian Corporation

Microsoft

Oracle, originally developed by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC)

DataChemist Ltd.

Initial release

1974

originally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s

1989

1984

2018

Current release

12.0, July 2024

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

7.4.1.1, 2021

11.0.0, January 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

restricted free version is available

commercial

Open Source

GPL V3

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

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Implementation language

C++

Prolog, Rust

Server operating systems

AIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows

Linux
Windows

HP Open VMS

Linux

Data scheme

yes

Flexible Schema (defined schema, partial schema, schema free)

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

but tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files available

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

SQL-like query language (WOQL)

APIs and other access methods

.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

OWL
RESTful HTTP API
WOQL (Web Object Query Language)

Supported programming languages

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

JavaScript
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

yes

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

horizontal partitioning

Ingres Star to access multiple databases simultaneously

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

Graph Partitioning

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Ingres Replicator

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

Journaling Streams

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

yes, on a single node

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

MVCC

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

in-memory journaling

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Role-based access control

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