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DBMS > Ingres vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Sadas Engine vs. SQLite

System Properties Comparison Ingres vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Sadas Engine vs. SQLite

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameIngres  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonSadas Engine  Xexclude from comparisonSQLite  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionWell established RDBMSFully managed big data interactive analytics platformMicrosofts flagship relational DBMSSADAS Engine is a columnar DBMS specifically designed for high performance in data warehouse environmentsWidely used embeddable, in-process RDBMS
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score3.80
Rank#82  Overall
#44  Relational DBMS
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score821.56
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score0.07
Rank#373  Overall
#157  Relational DBMS
Score111.41
Rank#10  Overall
#7  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.actian.com/­databases/­ingresazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-serverwww.sadasengine.comwww.sqlite.org
Technical documentationdocs.actian.com/­ingresdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerlearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-serverwww.sadasengine.com/­en/­sadas-engine-download-free-trial-and-documentation/­#documentationwww.sqlite.org/­docs.html
DeveloperActian CorporationMicrosoftMicrosoftSADAS s.r.l.Dwayne Richard Hipp
Initial release1974 infooriginally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s2019198920062000
Current release11.2, May 2022cloud service with continuous releasesSQL Server 2022, November 20228.03.46.0  (23 May 2024), May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercialcommercial inforestricted free version is availablecommercial infofree trial version availableOpen Source infoPublic Domain
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
SQLServer Flex @ STACKIT offers a managed version of SQL Server with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All services are 100% GDPR-compliant.
Implementation languageCC++C++C
Server operating systemsAIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
hostedLinux
Windows
AIX
Linux
Windows
server-less
Data schemeyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yesyesyes infodynamic column types
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyesyesyes infonot rigid because of 'dynamic typing' concept.
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.no infobut tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files availableyesyesnono
Secondary indexesyesall fields are automatically indexedyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetyesyesyes infoSQL-92 is not fully supported
APIs and other access methods.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary protocol
ADO.NET infoinofficial driver
JDBC infoinofficial driver
ODBC infoinofficial driver
Supported programming languages.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
.Net
C
C#
C++
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python
Actionscript
Ada
Basic
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Forth
Fortran
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Scheme
Smalltalk
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, RTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Javanono
Triggersyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyesnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeshorizontal partitioning infoIngres Star to access multiple databases simultaneouslySharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicetables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationhorizontal partitioningnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesIngres Replicatoryes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Editionnonenone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparknonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyesyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes infoMVCCyesyesyesyes infovia file-system locks
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesyes infomanaged by 'Learn by Usage'yes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAzure Active Directory Authenticationfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users, groups and roles according to SQL-standardno

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3rd partiesNavicat Monitor is a safe, simple and agentless remote server monitoring tool for SQL Server and many other database management systems.
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Navicat for SQLite is a powerful and comprehensive SQLite GUI that provides a complete set of functions for database management and development.
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More resources
IngresMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerMicrosoft SQL ServerSadas EngineSQLite
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