DBMS > gStore vs. Ingres vs. LokiJS vs. Oracle vs. Spark SQL

System Properties Comparison gStore vs. Ingres vs. LokiJS vs. Oracle vs. Spark SQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

A native Graph DBMS to store and maintain very large RDF datasets.

Well established RDBMS

In-memory JavaScript DBMS

Widely used RDBMS

Spark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processing

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS

since Oracle 23

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	0.04
Rank	#359	Overall
	#37	Graph DBMS
	#18	RDF stores

Score	4.11
Rank	#81	Overall
	#44	Relational DBMS

Score	0.43
Rank	#264	Overall
	#42	Document stores

Score	1236.29
Rank	#1	Overall
	#1	Relational DBMS

Score	18.96
Rank	#33	Overall
	#20	Relational DBMS

Website

en.gstore.cn

www.actian.com/databases/ingres

github.com/techfort/LokiJS

www.oracle.com/database

spark.apache.org/sql

Technical documentation

en.gstore.cn/#/enDocs

docs.actian.com/ingres

techfort.github.io/LokiJS

docs.oracle.com/en/database

spark.apache.org/docs/latest/sql-programming-guide.html

Developer

Actian Corporation

Oracle

Apache Software Foundation

Initial release

2016

1974

originally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s

2014

1980

2014

Current release

1.2, November 2023

11.2, May 2022

23c, September 2023

3.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

BSD

commercial

Open Source

commercial

restricted free version is available

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

JavaScript

C and C++

Scala

Server operating systems

Linux

AIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows

server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

Linux
OS X
Windows

Data scheme

schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support

yes

schema-free

yes

Schemaless in JSON and XML columns

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

but tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files available

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

via views

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

with proprietary extensions

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

APIs and other access methods

HTTP API
SPARQL 1.1

.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)

JavaScript API

JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)

JDBC
ODBC

Supported programming languages

C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python

JavaScript

C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic

Java
Python
R
Scala

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

View functions in JavaScript

PL/SQL

also stored procedures in Java possible

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

horizontal partitioning

Ingres Star to access multiple databases simultaneously

none

Sharding, horizontal partitioning

yes, utilizing Spark Core

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Ingres Replicator

none

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

can be realized in PL/SQL

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

none

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

yes

ACID

atomic operations within a single collection possible

ACID

isolation level can be parameterized

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

MVCC

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

Serialization of a DB in a Node.JS/Cordova/PhoneGap environment. Usage of the IndexedDB-API in a browser.

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

Version 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'

User concepts

Access control

Users, roles and permissions, Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) supported

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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