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DBMS > Ingres vs. LevelDB vs. MarkLogic vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. YugabyteDB

System Properties Comparison Ingres vs. LevelDB vs. MarkLogic vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. YugabyteDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameIngres  Xexclude from comparisonLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonMarkLogic  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDB  Xexclude from comparisonYugabyteDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionWell established RDBMSEmbeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesOperational and transactional Enterprise NoSQL databaseGlobally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database serviceHigh-performance distributed SQL database for global, internet-scale applications. Wire and feature compatible with PostgreSQL.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value storeDocument store
Native XML DBMS
RDF store infoas of version 7
Search engine
Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store
Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSDocument store
Wide column store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score4.11
Rank#81  Overall
#44  Relational DBMS
Score2.35
Rank#111  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Score5.92
Rank#58  Overall
#10  Document stores
#1  Native XML DBMS
#1  RDF stores
#6  Search engines
Score29.04
Rank#27  Overall
#4  Document stores
#2  Graph DBMS
#3  Key-value stores
#3  Wide column stores
Score2.91
Rank#102  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.actian.com/­databases/­ingresgithub.com/­google/­leveldbwww.marklogic.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­cosmos-dbwww.yugabyte.com
Technical documentationdocs.actian.com/­ingresgithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.mddocs.marklogic.comlearn.microsoft.com/­azure/­cosmos-dbdocs.yugabyte.com
github.com/­yugabyte/­yugabyte-db
DeveloperActian CorporationGoogleMarkLogic Corp.MicrosoftYugabyte Inc.
Initial release1974 infooriginally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s2011200120142017
Current release11.2, May 20221.23, February 202111.0, December 20222.19, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoBSDcommercial inforestricted free version is availablecommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
YugabyteDB Managed is the fully managed database-as-a-service offering of YugabyteDB. Get started quickly, and effortlessly ensure continuous availability and limitless scale of your cloud native applications.
Implementation languageCC++C++C and C++
Server operating systemsAIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
hostedLinux
OS X
Data schemeyesschema-freeschema-free infoSchema can be enforcedschema-freedepending on used data model
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesyes infoJSON typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.no infobut tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files availablenoyesno
Secondary indexesyesnoyesyes infoAll properties auto-indexed by defaultyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesnoyes infoSQL92SQL-like query languageyes, PostgreSQL compatible
APIs and other access methods.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)
Java API
Node.js Client API
ODBC
proprietary Optic API infoProprietary Query API, introduced with version 9
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL
WebDAV
XDBC
XQuery
XSLT
DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API
JDBC
YCQL, an SQL-based flexible-schema API with its roots in Cassandra Query Language
YSQL - a fully relational SQL API that is wire compatible with the SQL language in PostgreSQL
Supported programming languagesC++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python
C
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnoyes infovia XQuery or JavaScriptJavaScriptyes infosql, plpgsql, C
TriggersyesnoyesJavaScriptyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeshorizontal partitioning infoIngres Star to access multiple databases simultaneouslynoneShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceHash and Range Sharding, row-level geo-partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesIngres Replicatornoneyesyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceBased on Raft distributed consensus protocol, minimum 3 replicas for continuous availability
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyes infovia Hadoop Connector, HDFS Direct Access and in-database MapReduce jobswith Hadoop integration infoIntegration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*no
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyBounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infoConsistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency
Strong consistency on writes and tunable consistency on reads
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnononoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACID infocan act as a resource manager in an XA/JTA transactionMulti-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partitionDistributed ACID with Serializable & Snapshot Isolation. Inspired by Google Spanner architecture.
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes infoMVCCyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infowith automatic compression on writesyesyesyes infobased on RocksDB
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes, with Range Indexesno
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnoRole-based access control at the document and subdocument levelsAccess rights can be defined down to the item levelyes
More information provided by the system vendor
IngresLevelDBMarkLogicMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDBYugabyteDB
Specific characteristicsYugabyteDB is an open source distributed SQL database for cloud native transactional...
» more
Competitive advantagesPostgreSQL compatible: Get instantly productive with a PostgreSQL compatible RDBMS....
» more
Typical application scenariosSystems of record and engagement for cloud native applications that require resilience,...
» more
Market metrics2 Million+ lifetime clusters deployed, 6.5K+ GitHub stars, 7K YugabyteDB Community...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsApache 2.0 license for the database
» more

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More resources
IngresLevelDBMarkLogicMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDBYugabyteDB
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