DBMS > Ingres vs. LevelDB vs. LMDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server

System Properties Comparison Ingres vs. LevelDB vs. LMDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Well established RDBMS

Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string values

A high performant, light-weight, embedded key-value database library

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Key-value store

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	4.11
Rank	#81	Overall
	#44	Relational DBMS

Score	2.35
Rank	#111	Overall
	#19	Key-value stores

Score	1.99
Rank	#125	Overall
	#21	Key-value stores

Score	824.29
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Website

www.actian.com/databases/ingres

github.com/google/leveldb

www.symas.com/symas-embedded-database-lmdb

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

Technical documentation

docs.actian.com/ingres

github.com/google/leveldb/blob/main/doc/index.md

www.lmdb.tech/doc

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

Developer

Actian Corporation

Google

Symas

Microsoft

Initial release

1974

originally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s

2011

1989

Current release

11.2, May 2022

1.23, February 2021

0.9.32, January 2024

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

BSD

Open Source

commercial

restricted free version is available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

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Implementation language

C++

Server operating systems

AIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows

Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux
Unix
Windows

Linux
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

but tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files available

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

APIs and other access methods

.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

Supported programming languages

C++
Go
Java

3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Python

3rd party binding

.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Nim
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Swift
Tcl

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

horizontal partitioning

Ingres Star to access multiple databases simultaneously

none

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Ingres Replicator

none

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

MVCC

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

with automatic compression on writes

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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