DBMS > Ingres vs. Kingbase vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Teradata

System Properties Comparison Ingres vs. Kingbase vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Teradata

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Well established RDBMS

An enterprise-class RDBMS compatible with PostgreSQL and Oracle and widely used in China.

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

A hybrid cloud data analytics software platform (Teradata Vantage)

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store
Spatial DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	3.80
Rank	#82	Overall
	#44	Relational DBMS

Score	0.50
Rank	#257	Overall
	#119	Relational DBMS

Score	821.56
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	44.87
Rank	#22	Overall
	#15	Relational DBMS

Website

www.actian.com/databases/ingres

www.kingbase.com.cn

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

www.teradata.com

Technical documentation

docs.actian.com/ingres

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

docs.teradata.com

Developer

Actian Corporation

BeiJing KINGBASE Information technologies inc.

Microsoft

Teradata

Initial release

1974

originally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s

1999

1989

1984

Current release

11.2, May 2022

V8.0, August 2021

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

Teradata Vantage 1.0 MU2, January 2019

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

restricted free version is available

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

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Implementation language

C and Java

C++

Server operating systems

AIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows

Linux
Windows

hosted
Linux

Data scheme

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

but tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files available

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

Join-index to prejoin tables, aggregate index, sparse index, hash index

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

Standard with numerous extensions

yes

SQL 2016 + extensions

APIs and other access methods

.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)

ADO.NET
gokb
JDBC
kdbndp
ODBC
PDI
PDO
Pro*C
psycopg2
QT

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

.NET Client API
HTTP REST
JDBC
JMS Adapter
ODBC
OLE DB

Supported programming languages

.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

C
C++
Cobol
Java (JDBC-ODBC)
Perl
PL/1
Python
R
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

yes

UDFs, stored procedures, table functions in parallel

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

horizontal partitioning

Ingres Star to access multiple databases simultaneously

horizontal partitioning (by range, list and hash) and vertical partitioning

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

Sharding

Hashing

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Ingres Replicator

yes

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

MVCC

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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