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DBMS > Ingres vs. Kdb vs. Neo4j vs. PostgreSQL vs. YDB

System Properties Comparison Ingres vs. Kdb vs. Neo4j vs. PostgreSQL vs. YDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameIngres  Xexclude from comparisonKdb  Xexclude from comparisonNeo4j  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonYDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionWell established RDBMSHigh performance Time Series DBMSScalable, ACID-compliant graph database designed with a high-performance distributed cluster architecture, available in self-hosted and cloud offeringsWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLA distributed fault-tolerant database service, with high availability, scalability, immediate consistency and ACID transactions and providing an Amazon DynamoDB compatible API
Primary database modelRelational DBMSTime Series DBMS
Vector DBMS
Graph DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Document store
Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score4.11
Rank#81  Overall
#44  Relational DBMS
Score7.55
Rank#53  Overall
#3  Time Series DBMS
#1  Vector DBMS
Score44.46
Rank#23  Overall
#1  Graph DBMS
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score0.35
Rank#278  Overall
#43  Document stores
#127  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.actian.com/­databases/­ingreskx.comneo4j.comwww.postgresql.orggithub.com/­ydb-platform/­ydb
ydb.tech
Technical documentationdocs.actian.com/­ingrescode.kx.comneo4j.com/­docswww.postgresql.org/­docsydb.tech/­en/­docs
DeveloperActian CorporationKx Systems, a division of First Derivatives plcNeo4j, Inc.PostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerYandex
Initial release1974 infooriginally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s2000 infokdb was released 2000, kdb+ in 200320071989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL2019
Current release11.2, May 20223.6, May 20185.19, April 202416.3, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercial infofree 32-bit versionOpen Source infoGPL version3, commercial licenses availableOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoApache 2.0; commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageCqJava, ScalaC
Server operating systemsAIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Linux infoCan also be used server-less as embedded Java database.
OS X
Solaris
Windows
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Linux
Data schemeyesyesschema-free and schema-optionalyesFlexible Schema (defined schema, partial schema, schema free)
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.no infobut tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files availableyesyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.no
Secondary indexesyesyes infotable attribute 'grouped'yes infopluggable indexing subsystem, by default Apache Luceneyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesSQL-like query language (q)noyes infostandard with numerous extensionsSQL-like query language (YQL)
APIs and other access methods.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)
HTTP API
JDBC
Jupyter
Kafka
ODBC
WebSocket
Bolt protocol
Cypher query language
Java API
Neo4j-OGM infoObject Graph Mapper
RESTful HTTP API
Spring Data Neo4j
TinkerPop 3
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
RESTful HTTP API (DynamoDB compatible)
Supported programming languagesC
C#
C++
Go
J
Java
JavaScript
Lua
MatLab
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Scala
.Net
Clojure
Elixir
Go
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesuser defined functionsyes infoUser defined Procedures and Functionsuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.no
Triggersyesyes infowith viewsyes infovia event handleryes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeshorizontal partitioning infoIngres Star to access multiple databases simultaneouslyhorizontal partitioningyes using Neo4j Fabricpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesIngres ReplicatorSource-replica replicationCausal Clustering using Raft protocol infoavailable in in Enterprise Version onlySource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsActive-passive shard replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnono infosimilar paradigm used for internal processingnonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyCausal and Eventual Consistency configurable in Causal Cluster setup
Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesyes infoRelationships in graphsyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes infoMVCCyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnono
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardrights management via user accountsUsers, roles and permissions. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights defined for Yandex Cloud users
More information provided by the system vendor
IngresKdbNeo4jPostgreSQLYDB
Specific characteristicsIntegrated columnar database & programming system for streaming, real time and historical...
» more
Neo4j delivers graph technology that has been battle tested for performance and scale...
» more
Competitive advantagesprovides seamless scalability; runs on industry standard server platforms; is top-ranked...
» more
Neo4j is the market leader, graph database category creator, and the most widely...
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Typical application scenariostick database streaming sensor data massive intelligence applications oil and gas...
» more
Real-Time Recommendations Master Data Management Identity and Access Management Network...
» more
Key customersGoldman Sachs Morgan Stanley Merrill Lynch J.P. Morgan Deutsche Bank IEX Securities...
» more
Over 800 commercial customers and over 4300 startups use Neo4j. Flagship customers...
» more
Market metricskdb+ performance and reliability proven by our customers in critical infrastructure...
» more
Neo4j boasts the world's largest graph database ecosystem with more than 140 million...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsupon request
» more
GPL v3 license that can be used all the places where you might use MySQL. Neo4j Commercial...
» more
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