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DBMS > Ingres vs. Kdb vs. MariaDB vs. QuestDB

System Properties Comparison Ingres vs. Kdb vs. MariaDB vs. QuestDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameIngres  Xexclude from comparisonKdb  Xexclude from comparisonMariaDB  Xexclude from comparisonQuestDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionWell established RDBMSHigh performance Time Series DBMSMySQL application compatible open source RDBMS, enhanced with high availability, security, interoperability and performance capabilities. MariaDB ColumnStore provides a column-oriented storage engine and MariaDB Xpand supports distributed SQL.A high performance open source SQL database for time series data
Primary database modelRelational DBMSTime Series DBMS
Vector DBMS
Relational DBMSTime Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith OQGraph storage engine
Spatial DBMS
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score3.80
Rank#82  Overall
#44  Relational DBMS
Score7.71
Rank#49  Overall
#2  Time Series DBMS
#1  Vector DBMS
Score91.04
Rank#13  Overall
#9  Relational DBMS
Score2.70
Rank#105  Overall
#8  Time Series DBMS
Websitewww.actian.com/­databases/­ingreskx.commariadb.com infoSite of MariaDB Corporation
mariadb.org infoSite of MariaDB Foundation
questdb.io
Technical documentationdocs.actian.com/­ingrescode.kx.commariadb.com/­kb/­en/­libraryquestdb.io/­docs
DeveloperActian CorporationKx Systems, a division of First Derivatives plcMariaDB Corporation Ab (MariaDB Enterprise),
MariaDB Foundation (community MariaDB Server) infoThe lead developer Monty Widenius is the original author of MySQL
QuestDB Technology Inc
Initial release1974 infooriginally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s2000 infokdb was released 2000, kdb+ in 20032009 infoFork of MySQL, which was first released in 19952014
Current release11.2, May 20223.6, May 201811.3.2, February 2024
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercial infofree 32-bit versionOpen Source infoGPL version 2, commercial enterprise subscription availableOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
STACKIT MariaDB offers MariaDB in a fully managed version in enterprise grade, 100% GDPR-compliant.
Implementation languageCqC and C++Java (Zero-GC), C++, Rust
Server operating systemsAIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
FreeBSD
Linux
Solaris
Windows infoColumnStore storage engine not available on Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyes infoDynamic columns are supportedyes infoschema-free via InfluxDB Line Protocol
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.no infobut tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files availableyesyesno
Secondary indexesyesyes infotable attribute 'grouped'yesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesSQL-like query language (q)yes infowith proprietary extensionsSQL with time-series extensions
APIs and other access methods.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)
HTTP API
JDBC
Jupyter
Kafka
ODBC
WebSocket
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary native API
HTTP REST
InfluxDB Line Protocol (TCP/UDP)
JDBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol
Supported programming languagesC
C#
C++
Go
J
Java
JavaScript
Lua
MatLab
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Scala
Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Eiffel
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
C infoPostgreSQL driver
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Rust infoover HTTP
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesuser defined functionsyes infoPL/SQL compatibility added with version 10.3no
Triggersyesyes infowith viewsyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeshorizontal partitioning infoIngres Star to access multiple databases simultaneouslyhorizontal partitioningseveral options for horizontal partitioning and Shardinghorizontal partitioning (by timestamps)
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesIngres ReplicatorSource-replica replicationMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Source-replica replication with eventual consistency
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnono infosimilar paradigm used for internal processingnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesyes infonot for MyISAM storage engineno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACID infonot for MyISAM storage engineACID for single-table writes
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes infoMVCCyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infonot for in-memory storage engineyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyes infowith MEMORY storage engineyes infothrough memory mapped files
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardrights management via user accountsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
IngresKdbMariaDBQuestDB
Specific characteristicsIntegrated columnar database & programming system for streaming, real time and historical...
» more
MariaDB is the most powerful open source relational database – modern SQL and JSON...
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Relational model with native time series support Column-based storage and time partitioned...
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Competitive advantagesprovides seamless scalability; runs on industry standard server platforms; is top-ranked...
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MariaDB Servers have many features unavailable in other open source relational databases....
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High ingestion throughput: peak of 4M rows/sec (TSBS Benchmark) Code optimizations...
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Typical application scenariostick database streaming sensor data massive intelligence applications oil and gas...
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Web, SaaS and Cloud operational applications that require high availability, scalability...
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Financial tick data Industrial IoT Application Metrics Monitoring
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Key customersGoldman Sachs Morgan Stanley Merrill Lynch J.P. Morgan Deutsche Bank IEX Securities...
» more
Deutsche Bank, DBS Bank, Nasdaq, Red Hat, ServiceNow, Verizon and Walgreens Featured...
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Banks & Hedge funds, Yahoo, OKX, Airbus, Aquis Exchange, Net App, Cloudera, Airtel,...
» more
Market metricskdb+ performance and reliability proven by our customers in critical infrastructure...
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MariaDB is the default database in the LAMP stack supplied by Red Hat and SUSE Linux,...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsupon request
» more
MariaDB plc subscriptions cover our free, open source database, Community Server,...
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Open source Apache 2.0 QuestDB Enterprise QuestDB Cloud
» more
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