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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Microsoft Azure SQL Database vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. ToroDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL Azure  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopDatabase as a Service offering with high compatibility to Microsoft SQL ServerElastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL ServerA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score13.77
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score77.99
Rank#16  Overall
#11  Relational DBMS
Score20.56
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orgazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­products/­azure-sql/­databaseazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analyticsgithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmldocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­azure-sqldocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analytics
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaMicrosoftMicrosoft8Kdata
Initial release2013201020162016
Current release4.1.0, June 2022V12
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2commercialcommercialOpen Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++C++C++Java
Server operating systemsLinuxhostedhostedAll OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeyesyesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesnono
Secondary indexesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyesyes
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBC.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C#
Java
PHP
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceTransact SQLTransact SQL
Triggersnoyesnono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingSharding, horizontal partitioningSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factoryes, with always 3 replicas availableyesSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReducenono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesno infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraintsno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.no
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and Kerberosfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyesAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
Apache ImpalaMicrosoft Azure SQL Database infoformerly SQL AzureMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehouseToroDB
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