DBMS > Immudb vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. Sadas Engine vs. Stardog vs. Transwarp KunDB

System Properties Comparison Immudb vs. Oracle Berkeley DB vs. Sadas Engine vs. Stardog vs. Transwarp KunDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

An open source immutable (append-only) database with cryptographic verification which makes it tamper-resistant and fully auditable.

Widely used in-process key-value store

SADAS Engine is a columnar DBMS specifically designed for high performance in data warehouse environments

Enterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization

OLTP DBMS based on a distributed architecture and highly compatible with MySQL and Oracle

Primary database model

Key-value store

supports sorted and unsorted key sets
Native XML DBMS

in the Oracle Berkeley DB XML version

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS
RDF store

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	0.31
Rank	#295	Overall
	#42	Key-value stores

Score	2.01
Rank	#126	Overall
	#21	Key-value stores
	#3	Native XML DBMS

Score	0.07
Rank	#373	Overall
	#157	Relational DBMS

Score	2.07
Rank	#122	Overall
	#11	Graph DBMS
	#6	RDF stores

Score	0.14
Rank	#341	Overall
	#149	Relational DBMS

Website

github.com/codenotary/immudb
immudb.io

www.oracle.com/database/technologies/related/berkeleydb.html

www.sadasengine.com

www.stardog.com

www.transwarp.cn/en/product/kundb

Technical documentation

docs.immudb.io

docs.oracle.com/cd/E17076_05/html/index.html

www.sadasengine.com/en/sadas-engine-download-free-trial-and-documentation/#documentation

docs.stardog.com

Developer

Codenotary

Oracle

originally developed by Sleepycat, which was acquired by Oracle

SADAS s.r.l.

Stardog-Union

Transwarp

Initial release

2020

1994

2006

2010

Current release

1.2.3, April 2022

18.1.40, May 2020

8.0

7.3.0, May 2020

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

commercial license available

commercial

free trial version available

commercial

60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C, Java, C++ (depending on the Berkeley DB edition)

C++

Java

Server operating systems

BSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

AIX
Android
FreeBSD
iOS
Linux
OS X
Solaris
VxWorks
Windows

AIX
Linux
Windows

Linux
macOS
Windows

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

only with the Berkeley DB XML edition

Import/export of XML data possible

Secondary indexes

yes

supports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like syntax

yes

SQL interfaced based on SQLite is available

yes

Yes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server

yes

APIs and other access methods

gRPC protocol
PostgreSQL wire protocol

JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary protocol

GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3

Supported programming languages

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

.Net

Figaro is a .Net framework assembly that extends Berkeley DB XML into an embeddable database engine for .NET
others

Third-party libraries to manipulate Berkeley DB files are available for many languages
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Perl
Python
Tcl

.Net
C
C#
C++
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python

.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java

yes

Triggers

yes

only for the SQL API

yes

via event handlers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

none

horizontal partitioning

none

horizontal partitioning

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Source-replica replication

none

Multi-source replication in HA-Cluster

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency in HA-Cluster

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

relationships in graphs

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

managed by 'Learn by Usage'

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users, groups and roles according to SQL-standard

Access rights for users and roles

yes

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More resources

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