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DBMS > Immudb vs. Neo4j vs. PlanetScale vs. SurrealDB

System Properties Comparison Immudb vs. Neo4j vs. PlanetScale vs. SurrealDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameImmudb  Xexclude from comparisonNeo4j  Xexclude from comparisonPlanetScale  Xexclude from comparisonSurrealDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAn open source immutable (append-only) database with cryptographic verification which makes it tamper-resistant and fully auditable.Scalable, ACID-compliant graph database designed with a high-performance distributed cluster architecture, available in self-hosted and cloud offeringsScalable, distributed, serverless MySQL database platform built on top of VitessA fully ACID transactional, developer-friendly, multi-model DBMS
Primary database modelKey-value storeGraph DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMSDocument store
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score0.26
Rank#294  Overall
#42  Key-value stores
Score47.91
Rank#20  Overall
#1  Graph DBMS
Score1.05
Rank#180  Overall
#80  Relational DBMS
Score1.08
Rank#176  Overall
#30  Document stores
#16  Graph DBMS
Websitegithub.com/­codenotary/­immudb
immudb.io
neo4j.complanetscale.comsurrealdb.com
Technical documentationdocs.immudb.ioneo4j.com/­docsplanetscale.com/­docssurrealdb.com/­docs
DeveloperCodenotaryNeo4j, Inc.PlanetScaleSurrealDB Ltd
Initial release2020200720202022
Current release1.2.3, April 20225.23, August 2024v1.5.0, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoGPL version3, commercial licenses availablecommercialOpen Source
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageGoJava, ScalaGoRust
Server operating systemsBSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
Linux infoCan also be used server-less as embedded Java database.
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Docker
Linux
macOS
Linux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeschema-free and schema-optionalyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.no
Secondary indexesyesyes infopluggable indexing subsystem, by default Apache Luceneyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like syntaxnoyes infowith proprietary extensionsSQL-like query language
APIs and other access methodsgRPC protocol
PostgreSQL wire protocol
Bolt protocol
Cypher query language
Java API
Neo4j-OGM infoObject Graph Mapper
RESTful HTTP API
Spring Data Neo4j
TinkerPop 3
ADO.NET
JDBC
MySQL protocol
ODBC
GraphQL
RESTful HTTP API
WebSocket
Supported programming languages.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
Clojure
Elixir
Go
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
Deno
Go
JavaScript (Node.js)
Rust
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyes infoUser defined Procedures and Functionsyes infoproprietary syntax
Triggersnoyes infovia event handleryes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingyes using Neo4j FabricSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesCausal Clustering using Raft protocol infoavailable in in Enterprise Version onlyMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyCausal and Eventual Consistency configurable in Causal Cluster setup
Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode
Eventual Consistency across shards
Immediate Consistency within a shard
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyes infoRelationships in graphsyes infonot for MyISAM storage engine
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACID at shard levelACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes infotable locks or row locks depending on storage engineyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers, roles and permissions. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)Users with fine-grained authorization concept infono user groups or rolesyes, based on authentication and database rules
More information provided by the system vendor
ImmudbNeo4jPlanetScaleSurrealDB
News

Run Cypher From Java
13 May 2025

Integrating Neo4j With LangChain4j for GraphRAG Vector Stores and Retrievers
12 May 2025

This Week in Neo4j: NODES, Knowledge Graph, Graph Analytics, MCP and more
10 May 2025

Aura Graph Analytics: A Technical Deep Dive
7 May 2025

Introducing Neo4j Aura Graph Analytics: Scalable, Easy-to-Deploy Graph Analytics for Any Data Source
7 May 2025

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More resources
ImmudbNeo4jPlanetScaleSurrealDB
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22 December 2015, Emil Eifrem (guest author)

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Recent citations in the news

immudb Gains Market Momentum as the Leading Immutable Database for Secure and Tamper-Proof Data Storage
11 March 2025, Business Wire

A Step by Step Guide to immudb — the open source immutable database
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