DBMS > Immudb vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. OrientDB vs. STSdb vs. YDB

System Properties Comparison Immudb vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. OrientDB vs. STSdb vs. YDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

An open source immutable (append-only) database with cryptographic verification which makes it tamper-resistant and fully auditable.

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

Multi-model DBMS (Document, Graph, Key/Value)

Key-Value Store with special method for indexing

optimized for high performance using a special indexing method

A distributed fault-tolerant database service, with high availability, scalability, immediate consistency and ACID transactions and providing an Amazon DynamoDB compatible API

Primary database model

Key-value store

Relational DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store

Key-value store

Document store
Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Relational DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	0.31
Rank	#295	Overall
	#42	Key-value stores

Score	821.56
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	3.25
Rank	#89	Overall
	#16	Document stores
	#6	Graph DBMS
	#13	Key-value stores

Score	0.10
Rank	#357	Overall
	#51	Key-value stores

Score	0.33
Rank	#287	Overall
	#43	Document stores
	#132	Relational DBMS

Website

github.com/codenotary/immudb
immudb.io

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

orientdb.org

github.com/STSSoft/STSdb4

github.com/ydb-platform/ydb
ydb.tech

Technical documentation

docs.immudb.io

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

www.orientdb.com/docs/last/index.html

ydb.tech/en/docs

Developer

Codenotary

Microsoft

OrientDB LTD; CallidusCloud; SAP

STS Soft SC

Yandex

Initial release

2020

1989

2010

2011

2019

Current release

1.2.3, April 2022

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

3.2.29, March 2024

4.0.8, September 2015

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

commercial

restricted free version is available

Open Source

Apache version 2

Open Source

GPLv2, commercial license available

Open Source

Apache 2.0; commercial license available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

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Implementation language

C++

Java

Server operating systems

BSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

Linux
Windows

All OS with a Java JDK (>= JDK 6)

Windows

Linux

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

schema-free

Schema can be enforced for whole record ("schema-full") or for some fields only ("schema-hybrid")

yes

Flexible Schema (defined schema, partial schema, schema free)

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

primitive types and user defined types (classes)

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like syntax

yes

SQL-like query language, no joins

SQL-like query language (YQL)

APIs and other access methods

gRPC protocol
PostgreSQL wire protocol

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

Tinkerpop technology stack with Blueprints, Gremlin, Pipes
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

.NET Client API

RESTful HTTP API (DynamoDB compatible)

Supported programming languages

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

.Net
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

C#
Java

Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

Java, Javascript

Triggers

yes

Hooks

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

Sharding

none

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

Multi-source replication

none

Active-passive shard replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

could be achieved with distributed queries

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

relationship in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights for users and roles; record level security configurable

Access rights defined for Yandex Cloud users

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