DBMS > etcd vs. Immudb vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. Tibero vs. TinkerGraph

System Properties Comparison etcd vs. Immudb vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. Tibero vs. TinkerGraph

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

An open source immutable (append-only) database with cryptographic verification which makes it tamper-resistant and fully auditable.

Globally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database service

A secure RDBMS, designed for easy portability from Oracle

A lightweight, in-memory graph engine that serves as a reference implementation of the TinkerPop3 API

Primary database model

Key-value store

Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS

Secondary database models

Relational DBMS

Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	7.25
Rank	#54	Overall
	#5	Key-value stores

Score	0.24
Rank	#305	Overall
	#43	Key-value stores

Score	29.04
Rank	#27	Overall
	#4	Document stores
	#2	Graph DBMS
	#3	Key-value stores
	#3	Wide column stores

Score	1.78
Rank	#140	Overall
	#64	Relational DBMS

Score	0.08
Rank	#348	Overall
	#35	Graph DBMS

Website

etcd.io
github.com/etcd-io/etcd

github.com/codenotary/immudb
immudb.io

azure.microsoft.com/services/cosmos-db

us.tmaxsoft.com/products/tibero

tinkerpop.apache.org/docs/current/reference/#tinkergraph-gremlin

Technical documentation

etcd.io/docs
github.com/etcd-io/etcd/tree/master/Documentation

docs.immudb.io

learn.microsoft.com/azure/cosmos-db

technet.tmaxsoft.com/upload/download/online/tibero/pver-20150504-000002/index.html

Developer

Codenotary

Microsoft

TmaxSoft

Initial release

2020

2014

2003

2009

Current release

3.4, August 2019

1.2.3, April 2022

6, April 2015

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

commercial

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C and Assembler

Java

Server operating systems

FreeBSD
Linux
Windows

experimental

BSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

hosted

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

JSON types

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

All properties auto-indexed by default

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like syntax

SQL-like query language

yes

APIs and other access methods

gRPC
JSON over HTTP

gRPC protocol
PostgreSQL wire protocol

DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API

JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
Tibero CLI

TinkerPop 3

Supported programming languages

.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Tcl

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python

C
C#
C++
Cobol
Java
Objective-C
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic

Groovy
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

JavaScript

Persistent Stored Procedure (PSM)

Triggers

yes, watching key changes

JavaScript

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

horizontal partitioning

by range, hash, list or composite

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Using Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

with Hadoop integration

Integration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Bounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Consistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency

Immediate Consistency

none

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Relationships in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Multi-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partition

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

optional

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

planned for next version

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights can be defined down to the item level

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard (SQL 92, SQL 99)

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