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DBMS > Immudb vs. LevelDB vs. NebulaGraph vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison Immudb vs. LevelDB vs. NebulaGraph vs. ToroDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameImmudb  Xexclude from comparisonLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonNebulaGraph  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionAn open source immutable (append-only) database with cryptographic verification which makes it tamper-resistant and fully auditable.Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesA distributed, linear scalable, high perfomant Graph DBMSA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelKey-value storeKey-value storeGraph DBMSDocument store
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score0.31
Rank#295  Overall
#42  Key-value stores
Score2.25
Rank#115  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Score2.23
Rank#116  Overall
#10  Graph DBMS
Websitegithub.com/­codenotary/­immudb
immudb.io
github.com/­google/­leveldbgithub.com/­vesoft-inc/­nebula
www.nebula-graph.io
github.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationdocs.immudb.iogithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.mddocs.nebula-graph.io
DeveloperCodenotaryGoogleVesoft Inc.8Kdata
Initial release2020201120192016
Current release1.2.3, April 20221.23, February 2021
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoBSDOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0 + Common Clause 1.0Open Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageGoC++C++Java
Server operating systemsBSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
LinuxAll OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeschema-freeschema-freeStrong typed schemaschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or datenoyesyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono
Secondary indexesyesnoyes infoNebula Graph internally uses the Key-Value store RocksDB for persistency. The vertices, edges, and their properties are stored as Key while their values are stored as Value. The primary indexes are per Key and secondary indexes are per Value.
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like syntaxnoSQL-like query language
APIs and other access methodsgRPC protocol
PostgreSQL wire protocol
Browser interface
console (shell)
Cypher Query Language
GO Object Graph Mapper
Java Object Graph Mapper
NGBatis infoORM framework for NebulaGraph and Spring-Boot
Proprietary native API
Python Object Graph Mapper
Query language nGQL
Supported programming languages.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
.Net
C++
Go
Java
PHP
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnonouser defined functions
Triggersnonono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnoneShardingSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneCausal Clustering using Raft protocolSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyes infoRelationships in graphsno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infowith automatic compression on writesyes infousing RocksDByes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnoRole-based access controlAccess rights for users and roles
More information provided by the system vendor
ImmudbLevelDBNebulaGraphToroDB
Specific characteristicsNebulaGraph is a truly distributed, linearly scalable, lightning-fast graph database,...
» more
Competitive advantagesNebulaGraph boasts the world's only graph database solution that is able to host...
» more
Typical application scenariosSocial networking Fraud detection Knowledge graph Data warehouse management Anti...
» more
Key customersCompanies from a variety of industries have implemented NebulaGraph Database in production,...
» more
Market metricsAt our very early stage, NebulaGraph has already received over 10,000 stars on GitHub...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsNebulaGraph is open source and free to use under Apache 2.0 license.
» more

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More resources
ImmudbLevelDBNebulaGraphToroDB
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