DBMS > Immudb vs. LMDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Sadas Engine vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison Immudb vs. LMDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Sadas Engine vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.

Description

An open source immutable (append-only) database with cryptographic verification which makes it tamper-resistant and fully auditable.

A high performant, light-weight, embedded key-value database library

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

SADAS Engine is a columnar DBMS specifically designed for high performance in data warehouse environments

A MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL

Primary database model

Key-value store

Relational DBMS

Document store

Secondary database models

Relational DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	0.31
Rank	#295	Overall
	#42	Key-value stores

Score	2.09
Rank	#121	Overall
	#20	Key-value stores

Score	821.56
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	0.07
Rank	#373	Overall
	#157	Relational DBMS

Website

github.com/codenotary/immudb
immudb.io

www.symas.com/symas-embedded-database-lmdb

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

www.sadasengine.com

github.com/torodb/server

Technical documentation

docs.immudb.io

www.lmdb.tech/doc

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

www.sadasengine.com/en/sadas-engine-download-free-trial-and-documentation/#documentation

Developer

Codenotary

Symas

Microsoft

SADAS s.r.l.

8Kdata

Initial release

2020

2011

1989

2006

2016

Current release

1.2.3, April 2022

0.9.32, January 2024

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

8.0

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

commercial

restricted free version is available

commercial

free trial version available

Open Source

AGPL-V3

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

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Implementation language

C++

Java

Server operating systems

BSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

Linux
Unix
Windows

Linux
Windows

AIX
Linux
Windows

All OS with a Java 7 VM

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

string, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like syntax

yes

APIs and other access methods

gRPC protocol
PostgreSQL wire protocol

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary protocol

Supported programming languages

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Nim
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Swift
Tcl

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

.Net
C
C#
C++
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

none

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

horizontal partitioning

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

none

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

none

Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

managed by 'Learn by Usage'

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights for users, groups and roles according to SQL-standard

Access rights for users and roles

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