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DBMS > Immudb vs. Kingbase vs. LevelDB vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison Immudb vs. Kingbase vs. LevelDB vs. ToroDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameImmudb  Xexclude from comparisonKingbase  Xexclude from comparisonLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionAn open source immutable (append-only) database with cryptographic verification which makes it tamper-resistant and fully auditable.An enterprise-class RDBMS compatible with PostgreSQL and Oracle and widely used in China.Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelKey-value storeRelational DBMSKey-value storeDocument store
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMSDocument store
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score0.31
Rank#295  Overall
#42  Key-value stores
Score0.50
Rank#257  Overall
#119  Relational DBMS
Score2.25
Rank#115  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Websitegithub.com/­codenotary/­immudb
immudb.io
www.kingbase.com.cngithub.com/­google/­leveldbgithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationdocs.immudb.iogithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.md
DeveloperCodenotaryBeiJing KINGBASE Information technologies inc.Google8Kdata
Initial release2020199920112016
Current release1.2.3, April 2022V8.0, August 20211.23, February 2021
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0commercialOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageGoC and JavaC++Java
Server operating systemsBSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
Linux
Windows
Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
All OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeschema-freeyesschema-freeschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesnono
Secondary indexesyesyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like syntaxStandard with numerous extensionsno
APIs and other access methodsgRPC protocol
PostgreSQL wire protocol
ADO.NET
gokb
JDBC
kdbndp
ODBC
PDI
PDO
Pro*C
psycopg2
QT
Supported programming languages.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
C++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnouser defined functionsno
Triggersnoyesnono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardinghorizontal partitioning (by range, list and hash) and vertical partitioningnoneSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesnoneSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDnono
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infowith automatic compression on writesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.no
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnoAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
ImmudbKingbaseLevelDBToroDB
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