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DBMS > Immudb vs. Ingres vs. NebulaGraph vs. Trafodion

System Properties Comparison Immudb vs. Ingres vs. NebulaGraph vs. Trafodion

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameImmudb  Xexclude from comparisonIngres  Xexclude from comparisonNebulaGraph  Xexclude from comparisonTrafodion  Xexclude from comparison
Apache Trafodion has been retired in 2021. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionAn open source immutable (append-only) database with cryptographic verification which makes it tamper-resistant and fully auditable.Well established RDBMSA distributed, linear scalable, high perfomant Graph DBMSTransactional SQL-on-Hadoop DBMS
Primary database modelKey-value storeRelational DBMSGraph DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score0.24
Rank#305  Overall
#43  Key-value stores
Score4.11
Rank#81  Overall
#44  Relational DBMS
Score2.14
Rank#120  Overall
#10  Graph DBMS
Websitegithub.com/­codenotary/­immudb
immudb.io
www.actian.com/­databases/­ingresgithub.com/­vesoft-inc/­nebula
www.nebula-graph.io
trafodion.apache.org
Technical documentationdocs.immudb.iodocs.actian.com/­ingresdocs.nebula-graph.iotrafodion.apache.org/­documentation.html
DeveloperCodenotaryActian CorporationVesoft Inc.Apache Software Foundation, originally developed by HP
Initial release20201974 infooriginally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s20192014
Current release1.2.3, April 202211.2, May 20222.3.0, February 2019
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0commercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0 + Common Clause 1.0Open Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageGoCC++C++, Java
Server operating systemsBSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
AIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
LinuxLinux
Data schemeschema-freeyesStrong typed schemayes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nono infobut tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files availablenono
Secondary indexesyesyesyes infoNebula Graph internally uses the Key-Value store RocksDB for persistency. The vertices, edges, and their properties are stored as Key while their values are stored as Value. The primary indexes are per Key and secondary indexes are per Value.yes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like syntaxyesSQL-like query languageyes
APIs and other access methodsgRPC protocol
PostgreSQL wire protocol
.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)
Browser interface
console (shell)
Cypher Query Language
GO Object Graph Mapper
Java Object Graph Mapper
NGBatis infoORM framework for NebulaGraph and Spring-Boot
Proprietary native API
Python Object Graph Mapper
Query language nGQL
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languages.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C++
Go
Java
PHP
Python
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC/ADO.Net
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyesuser defined functionsJava Stored Procedures
Triggersnoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardinghorizontal partitioning infoIngres Star to access multiple databases simultaneouslyShardingSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesIngres ReplicatorCausal Clustering using Raft protocolyes, via HBase
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononoyes infovia user defined functions and HBase
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyes infoRelationships in graphsyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes infoMVCCyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infousing RocksDByes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardRole-based access controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
ImmudbIngresNebulaGraphTrafodion
Specific characteristicsNebulaGraph is a truly distributed, linearly scalable, lightning-fast graph database,...
» more
Competitive advantagesNebulaGraph boasts the world's only graph database solution that is able to host...
» more
Typical application scenariosSocial networking Fraud detection Knowledge graph Data warehouse management Anti...
» more
Key customersCompanies from a variety of industries have implemented NebulaGraph Database in production,...
» more
Market metricsAt our very early stage, NebulaGraph has already received over 10,000 stars on GitHub...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsNebulaGraph is open source and free to use under Apache 2.0 license.
» more

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More resources
ImmudbIngresNebulaGraphTrafodion
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