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DBMS > IBM Db2 vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. SAP HANA vs. Virtuoso vs. YugabyteDB

System Properties Comparison IBM Db2 vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. SAP HANA vs. Virtuoso vs. YugabyteDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameIBM Db2 infoformerly named DB2 or IBM Database 2  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDB  Xexclude from comparisonSAP HANA  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparisonYugabyteDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionCommon in IBM host environments, 2 different versions for host and Windows/LinuxGlobally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database serviceIn-memory, column based data store. Available as appliance or cloud serviceVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphsHigh-performance distributed SQL database for global, internet-scale applications. Wire and feature compatible with PostgreSQL.
Primary database modelRelational DBMS infoSince Version 10.5 support for JSON/BSON documents compatible with MongoDBDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store
Relational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
RDF store infoin Db2 LUW (Linux, Unix, Windows)
Spatial DBMS infowith Db2 Spatial Extender
Spatial DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith SAP Hana, Enterprise Edition
Spatial DBMS
Spatial DBMSDocument store
Wide column store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score125.90
Rank#9  Overall
#6  Relational DBMS
Score27.71
Rank#27  Overall
#4  Document stores
#2  Graph DBMS
#3  Key-value stores
#3  Wide column stores
Score44.27
Rank#23  Overall
#16  Relational DBMS
Score4.27
Rank#73  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#39  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Score2.63
Rank#109  Overall
#53  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.ibm.com/­products/­db2azure.microsoft.com/­services/­cosmos-dbwww.sap.com/­products/­hana.htmlvirtuoso.openlinksw.comwww.yugabyte.com
Technical documentationwww.ibm.com/­docs/­en/­db2learn.microsoft.com/­azure/­cosmos-dbhelp.sap.com/­hanadocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuosodocs.yugabyte.com
github.com/­yugabyte/­yugabyte-db
DeveloperIBMMicrosoftSAPOpenLink SoftwareYugabyte Inc.
Initial release1983 infohost version2014201019982017
Current release12.1, October 20162.0 SPS07 (April 4, 2023), April 20237.2.11, September 20232.19, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercial infofree version is availablecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license availableOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesno infoalso available as a cloud based servicenono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
YugabyteDB Managed is the fully managed database-as-a-service offering of YugabyteDB. Get started quickly, and effortlessly ensure continuous availability and limitless scale of your cloud native applications.
Implementation languageC and C++CC and C++
Server operating systemsAIX
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
hostedAppliance or cloud-serviceAIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Linux
OS X
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
depending on used data model
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes infoJSON typesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesno
Secondary indexesyesyes infoAll properties auto-indexed by defaultyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesSQL-like query languageyesyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLXyes, PostgreSQL compatible
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
JSON style queries infoMongoDB compatible
ODBC
XQuery
DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
JDBC
YCQL, an SQL-based flexible-schema API with its roots in Cassandra Query Language
YSQL - a fully relational SQL API that is wire compatible with the SQL language in PostgreSQL
Supported programming languagesC
C#
C++
Cobol
Delphi
Fortran
Java
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
C
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesJavaScriptSQLScript, Ryes infoVirtuoso PLyes infosql, plpgsql, C
TriggersyesJavaScriptyesyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infoonly with Windows/Unix/Linux VersionSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceyesyesHash and Range Sharding, row-level geo-partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes infowith separate tools (MQ, InfoSphere)yes infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceyesChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
Based on Raft distributed consensus protocol, minimum 3 replicas for continuous availability
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnowith Hadoop integration infoIntegration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*noyesno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemBounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infoConsistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyStrong consistency on writes and tunable consistency on reads
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyesyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDMulti-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partitionACIDACIDDistributed ACID with Serializable & Snapshot Isolation. Inspired by Google Spanner architecture.
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes infobased on RocksDB
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights can be defined down to the item levelyesFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)yes
More information provided by the system vendor
IBM Db2 infoformerly named DB2 or IBM Database 2Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDBSAP HANAVirtuosoYugabyteDB
Specific characteristicsVirtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
YugabyteDB is an open source distributed SQL database for cloud native transactional...
» more
Competitive advantagesPerformance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
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PostgreSQL compatible: Get instantly productive with a PostgreSQL compatible RDBMS....
» more
Typical application scenariosUsed for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Systems of record and engagement for cloud native applications that require resilience,...
» more
Key customersBroad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsLargest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
2 Million+ lifetime clusters deployed, 6.5K+ GitHub stars, 7K YugabyteDB Community...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsAvailable in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more
Apache 2.0 license for the database
» more

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More resources
IBM Db2 infoformerly named DB2 or IBM Database 2Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDBSAP HANAVirtuosoYugabyteDB
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