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DBMS > HyperSQL vs. MariaDB vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison HyperSQL vs. MariaDB vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. ToroDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDB  Xexclude from comparisonMariaDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionMultithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java infoalso known as HSQLDBMySQL application compatible open source RDBMS, enhanced with high availability, security, interoperability and performance capabilities. MariaDB ColumnStore provides a column-oriented storage engine and MariaDB Xpand supports distributed SQL.Elastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL ServerA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith OQGraph storage engine
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score3.11
Rank#86  Overall
#47  Relational DBMS
Score84.89
Rank#15  Overall
#10  Relational DBMS
Score18.72
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Websitehsqldb.orgmariadb.com infoSite of MariaDB Corporation
mariadb.org infoSite of MariaDB Foundation
azure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analyticsgithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationhsqldb.org/­web/­hsqlDocsFrame.htmlmariadb.com/­kb/­en/­librarydocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analytics
DeveloperMariaDB Corporation Ab (MariaDB Enterprise),
MariaDB Foundation (community MariaDB Server) infoThe lead developer Monty Widenius is the original author of MySQL
Microsoft8Kdata
Initial release20012009 infoFork of MySQL, which was first released in 199520162016
Current release2.7.2, June 202311.5.2, August 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infobased on BSD licenseOpen Source infoGPL version 2, commercial enterprise subscription availablecommercialOpen Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
STACKIT MariaDB offers MariaDB in a fully managed version in enterprise grade, 100% GDPR-compliant.
Implementation languageJavaC and C++C++Java
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VM infoEmbedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modesFreeBSD
Linux
Solaris
Windows infoColumnStore storage engine not available on Windows
hostedAll OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeyesyes infoDynamic columns are supportedyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesnono
Secondary indexesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesyes infowith proprietary extensionsyes
APIs and other access methodsHTTP API infoJDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary native API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java
Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Eiffel
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
C#
Java
PHP
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresJava, SQLyes infoPL/SQL compatibility added with version 10.3Transact SQL
Triggersyesyesnono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneseveral options for horizontal partitioning and ShardingSharding, horizontal partitioningSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
yesSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyes infonot for MyISAM storage engineno infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraintsno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID infonot for MyISAM storage engineACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infonot for in-memory storage engineyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyes infowith MEMORY storage engine
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyesAccess rights for users and roles
More information provided by the system vendor
HyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDBMariaDBMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehouseToroDB
Specific characteristicsMariaDB is the most powerful open source relational database – modern SQL and JSON...
» more
Competitive advantagesMariaDB Servers have many features unavailable in other open source relational databases....
» more
Typical application scenariosWeb, SaaS and Cloud operational applications that require high availability, scalability...
» more
Key customersDeutsche Bank, DBS Bank, Nasdaq, Red Hat, ServiceNow, Verizon and Walgreens Featured...
» more
Market metricsMariaDB is the default database in the LAMP stack supplied by Red Hat and SUSE Linux,...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsMariaDB plc subscriptions cover our free, open source database, Community Server,...
» more

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More resources
HyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDBMariaDBMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehouseToroDB
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