DBMS > HyperSQL vs. LevelDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. RDFox vs. SAP SQL Anywhere

System Properties Comparison HyperSQL vs. LevelDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. RDFox vs. SAP SQL Anywhere

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Multithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java

also known as HSQLDB

Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string values

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

High performance knowledge graph and semantic reasoning engine

RDBMS database and synchronization technologies for server, desktop, remote office, and mobile environments

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	3.90
Rank	#85	Overall
	#46	Relational DBMS

Score	2.75
Rank	#107	Overall
	#19	Key-value stores

Score	829.80
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	0.24
Rank	#309	Overall
	#25	Graph DBMS
	#14	RDF stores

Score	4.57
Rank	#78	Overall
	#43	Relational DBMS

Website

hsqldb.org

github.com/google/leveldb

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

www.oxfordsemantic.tech

www.sap.com/products/technology-platform/sql-anywhere.html

Technical documentation

hsqldb.org/web/hsqlDocsFrame.html

github.com/google/leveldb/blob/main/doc/index.md

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

docs.oxfordsemantic.tech

help.sap.com/docs/SAP_SQL_Anywhere

Developer

Google

Microsoft

Oxford Semantic Technologies

SAP

formerly Sybase

Initial release

2001

2011

1989

2017

1992

Current release

2.7.2, June 2023

1.23, February 2021

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

6.0, Septermber 2022

17, July 2015

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

based on BSD license

Open Source

BSD

commercial

restricted free version is available

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

C++

Server operating systems

All OS with a Java VM

Embedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modes

Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux
Windows

Linux
macOS
Windows

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

RDF schemas

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

APIs and other access methods

HTTP API

JDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL 1.1

ADO.NET
HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC

Supported programming languages

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java

C++
Go
Java

3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Python

3rd party binding

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

C
Java

C
C#
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Java, SQL

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

yes, in C/C++, Java, .Net or Perl

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

none

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

replication via a shared file system

Source-replica replication

Database mirroring

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode, Eventual Consistency in replicated setups

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

with automatic compression on writes

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Roles, resources, and access types

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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